August 2, 1988 OFFICIAL LIST OF MAINE°S PLANTS THAT ARE ENDANGERED OR THREATENED and list of plants that are of Special Concern (including Possibly Extirpated), or that belong on a Watch List In June 1986, the Maine Legislature passed the Endangered Plant Act (Title 5 $3315), which directed the State Planning Office and the Critical Areas Advisory Board to compile the Official List of Endangered and Threatened Plants for the State. It was mandated that native plants that are naturally low or reduced in number shall be identified as Endangered or Threatened so as to encourage their protection and to maintain and enhance their numbers. The legislation defined Endangered and Threatened plants and defined the guidelines for their classification (see attached). In December 1986, the State Planning Office formed an Endangered Plant Technical Advisory Committee to assist the Critical Areas Advisory Board with the preparation of the official list. The State Planning Office solicited bids for contractual services to do background research and prepare the proposed list of plants. The services of Alison Dibble and Dr. Christopher S. Campbell of the Department of Botany and Plant Pathology at the University of Maine were retained to provide detailed technical information to the Committee and the Critical Areas Program. Alison Dibble and Chris Campbell received responses from 33 states while collecting background information for criteria and preparation of a list of endangered and threatened plants. Based on their survey, they prepared recommendations for the State of Maine to consider when establishing an official list of plants. Criteria and draft lists of plants for five categories were prepared for the Technical Committee: Official List 1. Endangered 2. Threatened Administrative Lists 1. Special Concern 2. Special Concern-Possibly Extirpated 3. Watch List The Endangered Plant Technical Advisory Committee met three times in 1987 to review the proposed species list (minutes attached). The fourth revision of the list was presented to the public at the Endangered Species Conference held in October 1987 at the University of Maine. The only significant change to the proposed list of plants from comments received after the conference was to include the list of 91 Possibly Extirpated plants on the Official List. A formal public hearing was held on April 13, 1988 at the University of Maine, at which testimony was presented in support of establishment of the official list. The hearing was followed by a ten-day period for comments on the proposed list. Seventeen written commentaries were received in support of establishing the official list. There were no comments opposed to establishing the official list. The Endangered Plant Technical Advisory Committee met after the public hearing and recommended that this list of species, presented to the Critical Areas Advisory Board, be established by the Director of the State Planning Office as the Offical List of Maine°s Endangered, Threatened, and Possibly Extirpated Plants under the terms of the Act. The list of Special Concern and Watch List plants would be established administratively by the State Planning Office. The Critical Areas Advisory Board met to discuss the proposed list, and recommended that the Official List include the Endangered and Threatened categories. The Possibly Extirpated species would be included on the administrative list with Special Concern and Watch List. The proposed list was made official by the Director of the State Planning Office on June 23, 1988. The purpose of the list is informational. There are no specific regulations providing protection of endangered or threatened plants under this Act. Many of the endangered and threatened plants are included in officially designated Critical Areas. The Critical Areas Program continues to work on a voluntary basis with the owners of these areas to provide adequate protection. The official list of 84 Endangered and 74 Threatened plants will be useful information to landowners, businesses, land conservationists and environmental consultants when undertaking environmental assessments and developing land conservation strategies. The list will be of educational value to schools, garden clubs, and the general public. The official list of Endangered and Threatened Plants will also help the Critical Areas Program establish priorities for future inventories and designations of rare plant areas. It is understood that the State Planning Office will update the official list at least biennially ( or as needed), with the assistance of the Endangered Plant Technical Advisory Committee. hrt/wp/3/37 June 25, 1988 PROCESS TO ESTABLISH THE OFFICIAL LIST OF MAINE'S PLANTS THAT ARE ENDANGERED AND THREATENED The 112th Legislature authorized the State Planning Office to establish the Official List of Endangered Plants for the State of Maine. The Critical Areas Program of the State Planning Office will implement the Act. The Critical Areas Advisory Board will play a major role in overseeing the establishment of the official list. Endangered Plant Technical Advisory Committee. meets with A. Dibble, C.S. Campbell, and Critical Areas Program staff to discuss criteria, guidelines, and review candidate species and proposed list February 19, May 5, and September 8, 1987 Endangered Plant Conference October 24, 1987 University of Maine, Orono Public Hearing April 13, 1988 7 p.m. 100 Nutting Hall University of Maine, Orono Consultants and Critical Areas Program staff draft final list April 14 - 21, 1988 Endangered Plant Technical Advisory Committee meets to review list, and recommends the final list to the Critical Areas Advisory Board April 21, 1988 9:30 a.m. 118 Deering Hall, University of Maine, Orono Critical Areas Advisory Board meets to review list, and recommends the final list to the Director of the State Planning Office May 12, 1988 The State Planning Office Director establishes official list. June 23, 1988 August 2, 1988 EXPLANATION OF LISTS In order to be included on Maine's Official List, a plant taxon (species, subspecies or variety) must be a vascular plant native to Maine and must be validly published in the scientific literature. Vascular plants include angiosperms (flowering plants), gymnosperms (conifers and relatives), and pteridophytes (ferns and relatives). Lower plant groups -- algae, fungi, Lichens, mosses and liverworts -- are not covered. Scientific Name column: Nomenclature follows Kartesz, J.T. and R. Kartesz (1980. Synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada and Greenland. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press). . Occurrences column: occurrence = natural, indigenous existence according to Fernald, M.L. (1950. Gray's manual of botany. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold) and referring either to a population (a group of individuals of the same taxon growing in one place) or to a town (if there is more than one documentation from the town but the best available data do not indicate more than one population) ; recent = within the past 20 years; X = found within 20 years but believed extirpated (destroyed) because repeated efforts to relocate the occurrence have failed. Year Last Documented column: documented = a correctly identified specimen or photograph. Status column: E = ENDANGERED; represented in Maine by one documented, recent occurrence or Federally Endangered (LE)*. T = THREATENED; represented in Maine by two to four documented, recent occurrences or Federally Threatened (LT)*. Exceptions to the above two categories are indicated when recent populations are: (a) = small. (b) = confined to a small geographic area. (c) = clearly and imminently jeopardized. SC = SPECIAL CONCERN; represented in maine by five to 10 documented, recent occurrences and could within the foreseeable future become Threatened. SC-PE = SPECIAL CONCERN - POSSIBLY EXTIRPATED; has not been documented recently. If found and documented, the taxon is placed in Endangered status upon review of the documentation by the Endangered Plant Technical Advisory Committee and Critical Areas Program staff. 12 = listed in the Federal Register*, but uncertainties regarding taxonomic status or biological vulnerability need to be resolved before the taxon can be listed as Endangered or Threatened at the Federal level. 13C = listed in the Federal Register* although more abundant or widespread than previously believed, and/or subject to any identifiable threat. * Federal Register of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. (Lists native plant taxa which have been or are currently being considered for listing as Endangered or Threatened at the Federal Level under the Endangered Species Act of 1973). OFFICIAL LIST OF MAINE PLANTS THAT ARE ENDANGERED (E), OR THREATENED and list of plants that are of Special Concern (SC) [including Possibly Extirpated (PE) or that belong on a Watch List OCCURRENCES YEAR LAST STATUS SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME TOTAL * RECENT DOCUMENTED ME/FEC ** Family Lycopodiaceae Lycopodium sabinaefolium Ground-Fir 11 3 1986 T Lycopodium selago Alpine Clubmoss 11 7 1987 SC Lycopodium sitchense Sitka Clubmoss 5 1 1985 E Family Selaginellaceae Selaginella apoda Creeping Spikemoss 5 1 1986 E Selaginella selaginoides Northern Spikemoss 2 0 1917 SC-PE ** Family Equisetaceae Equisetum X trachyodon A Scouring Rush 1 0 1915 SC-PE Equisetum variegatum Variegated Scouring-rush 17 9 1987 SC Family Ophioglassaceae Botrychium lunaria Moonwort 3 2 1986 E(a) Family Polypodiaceae (sensu lato) Adiantum pedatum var. aleuticum Aleutian Maidenhair Fern 1 1 1980 WL Asplenium platyneuron Ebony Spleenwort 11 3 1985 T Asplenium rhizophyllum Walking Fern 1 0 1892 SC-PE Asplenium viride Green Spleenwort 2 1 1982 E Cryptogramma stelleri Slender Cliff-brake 4 2 1983 T Dryopteris filix-mas Male Fern 1 1 1979 E Dryopteris fragrans Fragrant Cliff-fern 23 10 1987 SC Dryopteris goldiana Goldie°s Fern 11 5 1983 SC Woodsia alpina Northern Woodsia 6 3 1981 T Woodsia glabella Smooth Woodsia 6 4 1987 T Woodsia obtusa Blunt-lobed Woodsia 4 3 1980 T Woodwardia areolata Netted Chain-fern 2 0 1861 SC-PE Family Cuppressaceae Chamaecyparis thyoides Atlantic White-Cedar 14 13 1985 T(c) Juniperus horizontalis X virginica creba A Juniper hybrid 3 1 1979 WL Family Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton confervoides A Pondweed 5 3 1984 T Potamogeton filiformis A Pondweed 16 8 1979 SC Potamogeton friesii A Pondweed 2 1 1979 E Potamogeton pulcher A Pondweed 2 2 1979 T Potamogeton vaseyi Vaseyos Pondweed 7 1 1972 E ** Family Zannichelliaceae Zannichellia palustris Horned Pondweed 9 6 1984 SC Family Najadaceae Najas guadalupensis Guadalupe Naiad 1 0 1920 SC-PE ** Family Juncaginaceae Triglochin gaspense Gaspe Arrow-grass 2 0 1932 SC-PE OCCURRENCES YEAR LAST STATUS SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME TOTAL RECENT DOCUMENTED ME/FED ** Family Alismataceae Sagittaria calycina var. spongiosa An Arrowhead 22 21 1986 WL Sagittaria rigida Stiff Arrowhead 2 1 1976 E ** Family Poaceae (Graminae) Agrostis mertensii Boreal Bentgrass 9 5 1984 SC Bramus kalmii Kalmos Brame Grass 3 1 1971 E Bromus pubescens Brame Grass 7 1 1975 E Calamagrostis cinnoides A Reed-Bentgrass 4 0 1938 SC-PE Calamagrostis pickeringii A Reed-Bentgrass 1 1 1986 E Calamagrostis stricta ssp. inexpansa A Reed-Bentgrass 6 2 1978 T Calamagrostis stricta ssp. stricta A Reed-Bentgrass 2 0 1927 SC-PE Danthonia spicata var. pinetorum White Oat-grass 5 2 1980 WL Deschampsia atropurpurea A Hairgrass 2 1 1967 E Eragrostis capillaris Lace-Grass 5 1 1972 E Festuca rubra var. prolifera Proliferous Red Fescue 1 1 1981 E Hierochloe alpina Alpine Holy-grass 4 4 1987 T Muhlenbergia sobolifera A Grass 1 1 1974 E Phleum alpinum Mountain Timothy 3 2 1985 T Poa fernaldiana A Meadow-Grass 1 1 1985 E Spartina X caespitosa A Cord-Grass 1 0 1913 SC-PE Sphenopholi obtusata A Grass 4 0 1932 SC-PE Sporobolus asper A Drop-Seed Grass 1 1 1984 E Trisetum melicoides A Grass 15 1 1983 E Trisetum triflorum A Grass 2 2 1978 T ** Family Cyperaceae Carex X mainensis A Sedge 1 0 1900 SC-PE Carex X trichina A Sedge 1 0 1902 SC-PE Carex adusta A Sedge 11 0 1949 SC-PE Carex alopecoidea Fox-tail Sedge 2 1 1974 E Carex atherodes A Sedge 1 0 1920 SC-PE Carex atratiformis A Sedge 9 6 1984 SC Carex bigelowii Bigelow's Sedge 10 8 1985 SC Carex bushii Bushs Sedge 1 0 1898 SC-PE Carex capillaris Hair-like Sedge 13 5 1987 SC Carex crawei Crawe°s Sedge 3 0 1941 SC-PE Carex eburnea Ivory Sedge 2 2 1985 T Carex echinata A Sedge 3 3 1982 T Carex flava var. gaspensis A Sedge 2 0 1953 WL Carex gynocrates A Sedge 8 4 1987 T Carex hassei Garber's Sedge 14 12 1985 WL Carex livida var. grayana A Sedge 4 4 1987 T Carex media A Sedge 1 1 1987 E Carex oronensis Orono Sedge 25 23 1987 E(a,b) polymorpha Variable Sedge 5 3 1987 T/2 Carex prairea A Sedge 6 4 1987 T Carex praticola A Sedge 2 0 1898 SC-PE Carex rariflora A Sedge 2 0 1937 SC-PE Carex salina var. kattegatensis A Sedge 6 1 1987 E Carex saxatilis A Sedge 3 1 1985 E OCCURRENCES YEAR LAST STATUS SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME TOTAL RECENT DOCUMENTED ME/FEC Family Cyperaceae (continued) Carex scirpoidea A Sedge 4 2 1985 T Carex sparganioides A Sedge 1 1 1974 E Carex sterilis A Sedge 7 3 1986 T Carex tenuiflora A Sedge 9 6 1987 SC Carex typhina A Sedge 1 0 1940 SC-PE Carex vaginata A Sedge 8 2 1987 T Carex wiegandii A Sedge 13 9 1987 SC Cyperus houghtoni Houghton's Umbrella Sedge 1 0 1905 SC-PE Eleocharis pauciflora A Spike-rush 7 1 1985 E Elecharis rostellata A Spike-rush 3 1 1968 E Eleccharis tuberculosa A Spike-rush 1 1 1977 E Hemicarpha micrantha A Sedge 4 3 1985 T Rhynchospora capillacea A Beak-Rush 7 1 1985 E Rhynchospora macrostachya Horned-rush 1 1 1938 SC-PE Scirpus longii Long°s Bulrush 1 0 1927 SC-PE/ Scirpus pendulus A Bulrush 2 0 1941 SC-PE Family Araceae Peltandra virginica Arrow-Arum 13 10 1985 SC Family Lemnaceae Wolffia columbiana Water-meal 2 2 1981 T ** Family Xyridaceae Xyris smalliana A Yellow-eyed Grass 1 1 1984 E ** Family Eriocaulaceae Eriocaulon parker Parker's Pipewort 26 21 1986 SC/2 ** Family Pontederiaceae Heteranthera dubia Water Stargrass 3 1 1985 E ** Family Juncaceae Juncus.alpinus Alpine Rush 17 3 1982 T Juncus oronensis Orono Rush 2 0 1892 SC-PE Juncus stygius var. americanus Moor Rush 8 7 1985 SC Juncus subtilis A Rush 1 0 1937 SC-PE Juncus trifidus Highland Rush 18 14 1987 WL Luzula confusa A Woodrush 1 1 1978 E Luzula spicata Spiked Woodrush 1 1 1978 E ** Family Liliaceae Aletris farinosa Unicorn-root 2 0 1884 SC-PE Allium canadense Wild Garlic 8 8 1983 SC Allium tricoccum Wild Leek 16 12 1986 WL Streptopus X oreopolus A Twisted Stalks hybrid 1 0 1929 SC-PE Tofieldia glutinosa False Asphodel 20 14 1984 WL Trillium grandiflorum Large-flowered Trillium 1 0 1926 SC-PE OCCURRENCES YEAR LAST STATUS SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME TOTAL RECENT DOCUMENTED ME/FEC ** Family Amaryllidaceae Hypoxis hirsuta Yellow Stargrass 1 0 1936 SC-PE ** Family Iridaceae Iris prismatica Slender Blue-flag 5 3 1986 T Iris setosa var. canadensis Beach-head Iris 24 24 1987 WL ** Family Orchidaceae Amerorchis rotundifolia Small Round-leaved Orchis 7 4 1987 T Arethusa bulbosa Arethusa 49 27 1985 WL Calypso bulbosa Fairy Slipper 40 23 1985 WL Corallorhiza odontorhiza Autumn Coral Root 3 2 1984 E(a) Cypripedium arietinum Ramos Head Lady's Slipper 12 3 1986 T/3C Cypripedium reginae Showy Lady°s Slipper 35 19 1987 SC(c) Galearis spectabilis Showy Orchis 9 3 1986 T Goodyera oblongifolia Giant Rattlesnake-plantain 16 3 1983 E(c) Isotria medeoloides Small Whorled Pogonia 12 12 1987 E/LE Isotria verticillata Large Whorled Pogonia 3 1 1979 E Listera auriculata Auricled Twayblade 20 7 1986 SC/2 Malaxis brachypoda White Adders-mouth 17 1 1985 E Platanthera flava var. herbiola Pale Green Orchid 24 8 1985 SC/3C Platanthera leucophaea White Fringed Prairie Orchid 2 1 1985 E/2 Spiranthes lucida Shining Ladies°-tresses 10 5 1987 T(a) Triphora trianthophora Nodding Pogonia 5 5 1984 T(b) ** Family Salicaceae Salix arctophila Arctic-loving Willow 1 1 1978 E Salix argyrocarpa Silver-leaf Willow 1 0 1940 SC-PE Salix candida Hoary Willow 5 2 1985 T Salix cordata Heart-leaf Willow 6 0 1914 SC-PE Salix exigua Sandbar Willow 2 2 1978 T/38 Salix herbacea Dwarf Willow 1 1 1980 E Salix pedicellaris var. pedicellaris A Willow 3 0 1917 SC-PE Salix planifolia Flatleaf Willow 1 1 1985 E Salix uva-ursi Bearberry Willow 3 3 1983 T ** Family Juglandaceae Carya cordiformis Bitternut Hickory 1 1 1986 E ** Family Betulaceae Betula X caerulea Blue Birch 14 8 1987 SC Betula glandulosa Dwarf Birch 1 1 1980 E Betula minor Dwarf White Birch 1 1 1980 E Betula pumila Swamp Birch 14 10 1987 SC ** Family Fagaceae Castanea dentata American Chestnut 20 6 1982 SC Quercus coccinea Scarlet Oak 6 0 1937 SC-PE Quercus montana Chestnut Oak 1 1 1984 E OCCURRENCES YEAR LAST STATUS SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME TOTAL RECENT DOCUMENTED ME/FEC ** Family Ulmaceae Ulmus rubra Slippery Elm 4 0 1935 SC-PE ** Family Urticaceae Parietaria pensylvanica Pennsylvania Pellitory 1 0 1899 SC-PE ** Family Santalaceae Geocaulon lividum Northern Camandra 7 6 1984 SC ** Family Aristolochiaceae Asarum canadense Wild Ginger 12 5 1987 T(c) Family Polygonaceae Polygonum douglasii Douglas Knotweed 6 4 1985 T Polygonum viviparum Alpine Bistort 1 1 1981 E Rumex accidental is var. fenestratus A Dock 3 0 1916 SC-PE Family Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium berlanderi var. boscianum Boscos Goosefoot 3 1 1974 E Chenopodium rubrum Coast-Blite 3 3 1983 T Salicornia virginica Dwarf Saltwort 3 1 1981 E Suaeda americana American Sea-blite 7 0 1959 SC-PE Suaeda richii Richs Sea-blite 10 1 1967 E ** Family Portulacaceae Montia fontana Blinks 11 8 1985 SC ** Family Caryophyllaceae Minuartia glabra Smooth Sandwort 13 6 1987 WL Minuartia groenlandica Mountain Sandwort 23 22 1987 WL Minuartia rubella A Sandwort 1 1 1983 E Paronychia argyrocama White Mountain Silverling 8 7 1987 SC/3B Sagina nodosa ssp. borealis Pearlwort 14 14 1985 WL Sagina nodosa ssp. nodosa Pearlwort 25 25 1985 WL Silene acaulis var. acaulis Moss Campion 1 0 1860 SC-PE ** Family Nymphaeaceae Nymphaea tetragona Pygmy Water-lily 8 6 1986 SC ** Family Ranunculaceae Anemone multifida Cut-leaved Anemone 7 7 1986 T(a,b) Clematis occidentalis Purple Clematis 26 11 1985 SC Hepatica nobilis var. acuta Sharp-lobed Hepatica 2 0 1896 SC-PE Ranunculus ambigens Water-plantain Spearwort 6 0 1914 SC-PE Ranunculus fascicularis Early Crowfoot 2 2 1985 T Ranunculus gmelini Small Yellow Water-Crowfoot 6 4 1986 T Ranunculus lapponicus Lapland Buttercup 3 3 1987 T Thalictrum thalictroides Rue-Anemone 1 0 1898 SC-PE OCCURRENCES YEAR LAST STATUS SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME TOTAL RECENT DOCUMENTED ME/FED Thalictrum venulosum var. confine Boundary Meadow-Rue 4 0 1941 SC-PE ** Family Lauraceae Lindera benzoin Spicebush 13 13 1985 SC Sassafras albidum Sassafras 9 8 1987 SC ** Family Papaveraceae Adlumia fungosa Allegheny Vine 10 1 1986 E Dicentra canadensis Squirrel-corn 2 2 1983 T ** Family Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Arabis divaricarpa Purple Rock-cress 1 0 1924 SC-PE Arabis laevigata Smooth Rock-cress 4 2 1983 E(a) Arabis missouriensis Missouri Rock-cress 5 4 1985 T Barbarea orthoceras A Winter-cress 3 0 1903 SC-PE Cardamine bellidifolia A Bitter-cress 1 1 1978 E Cardamine longii Long°s Bitter-cress 8 8 1986 T(b)/2 Dentaria laciniata Cut-leaved Toothwort 1 1 1983 E Dentaria maxima Great Toothwort 1 0 1905 SC-PE Descurainia richardsonii Richardson's Tansy-mustard 6 0 1945 SC-PE Draba arabisans A Cress 5 3 1986 T Draba lanceolata A Cress 1 1 1982 E Subularia aquatica Awlwart 12 8 1985 SC ** Family Droseraceae Drosera anglica English Sundew 1 1 1985 E Drosera linearis Linear-leaf Sundew 1 1 1985 E ** Family Podostemaceae Podostemon ceratophyllum Threadfoot 14 14 1984 WL ** Family Crassulaceae Crassula aquatica Pygmyweed 15 9 1986 SC ** Family Saxifragaceae Parnassia glauca Grass-of-Parnassus 16 14 1987 WL Saxifraga foliolosa Star Saxifrage 1 1 1980 E Saxifraga paniculata Livelong Saxifrage 2 2 1979 T Saxifraga pensylvanica Swamp Saxifrage 12 7 1987 T(b,c) ** Family Platanaceae Platanus occidentalis Sycamore 1 0 1948 SC-PE ** Family Rosaceae Amelanchier humilis Low Shadbush 2 1 1971 E Rubus chamaemorus Baked-apple Berry 22 22 1987 WL Sanguisorba canadensis Canada Burnet 4 0 1933 SC-PE Spiraea septentrionalis Northern Meadowsweet 2 1 1967 E Waldsteinia fragarioides Barren-Strawberry 2 2 1987 T OCCURRENCES YEAR LAST STATUS SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME TOTAL RECENT DOCUMENTED ME/FED ** Family Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Astragalus alpinus var. brunetianus Alpine Milk-vetch 19 8 1984 SC Astragalus eucosmus Elegant Milk-vetch 2 0 1945 SC-PE Astragalus robbinsii var. minor Robbin°s Milk-vetch 4 0 1939 SC-PE Baptisia tinctoria var. crebra Wild Indigo 4 1 1979 E Hedysarum alpinum var. alpinum Alpine Sweet-broom 14 14 1985 SC Lespedeza X nuttallii Nuttall°s Bush Clover 1 0 1936 SC-PE Lespedeza hirta Hairy Bush-clover 2 0 1936 SC-PE Lupinus perennis Wild Lupine 3 1X 1967 SC-PE Oxytropis campestris var. johannensis St. John Oxytrope 8 8 1987 T(b)2 ** Family Polygalaceae Polygala cruciata Marsh Milkwort 2 0 1903 SC-PE Polygala senega Seneca Snakeroot 3 2 1980 T ** Family Euphorbiaceae Acalypha virginica Three-seeded Mercury 1 0 1902 SC-PE ** Family Callitrichaceae Callitriche anceps Water-Starwort 8 1 1975 E ** Family Aquifoliaceae llex glabra Inkberry 1 1 1986 E llex laevigata Smooth Winterberry 14 11 1985 WL ** Family Balsaminaceae Impatiens pallida Yellow Jewelweed 6 4 1987 T ** Family Rhamnaceae Ceanothus americanus New Jersey-Tea 7 5 1987 T(c) ** Family Vitaceae Vitis aestivalis Summer Grape 3 3 1985 T ** Family Hypericaceae Hypericum pyramidatum Great St. Johnswort 1 0 1951 SC-PE ** Family Cistaceae Lechea tenuifolia Slender Pinweed 2 0 1908 SC-PE ** Family Violaceae Viola adunca var. minor A Violet 8 0 1964 SC-PE Viola brittoniana Britton°s Violet 1 0 1900 SC-PE Viola novae-angliae New England Violet 15 9 1987 SC/2 Viola palustris Alpine Marsh-violet 1 1 1984 E Viola triloba Three-lobed Violet 1 0 1908 SC-PE OCCURRENCES YEAR LAST STATUS SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME TOTAL RECENT DOCUMENTED ME/FED ** Family Eleagnaceae Shepherdia canadensis Soapberry 1 1 1980 E Family Onagraceae Epilobium anagallidifolium Alpine Willow-herb 2 2 1978 T Epilobium ciliatum A Willow-herb 2 2 1983 T Epilobium hornemannii Hornemann°s Willow-herb 5 4 1982 T ** Family Araliaceae (sensu lato) Cryptotaenia canadensis Wild Chervil 4 0 1936 SC-PE Lilaeopsis chinensis Lilaeopsis 6 5 1984 SC Osmorhiza chilensis Western Sweet Cicely 16 2 1987 T Panax quinquefolius Ginseng 17 11 1985 T(c)/3 ** Family Cornaceae Cornus florida Flowering Dogwood 2 2 1984 E(a) ** Family Clethraceae Clethra alnifolia Sweet Pepperbush 10 6 1986 T(c) ** Family Ericaceae (sensu lato) Arctostaphylos alpina Alpine Bearberry 2 2 1984 T Cassiope hypnoides Moss Plant 1 1 1980 E Chimaphila maculata Spotted Wintergreen 9 9 1987 SC Kalmia latifolia Mountain-Laurel 20 15 1985 WL Loiseleuria procumbens Alpine Azalea 1 1 1987 E Phyllodoce caerulea Mountain Heath 1 1 1980 E Pyrola asarifolia Purple Pyrola 23 9 1983 WL Rhododendron lapponicum Lapland Rosebay 1 1 1987 E Rhododendron maximum Great Rhododendron 6 5 1985 T(c) Rhododendron viscosum Clammy Azalea 3 2 1985 T Vaccinium boreale Alpine Blueberry 3 0 1928 SC-PE Family Diapensiaceae Diapensia lapponica Diapensia 12 9 1987 SC ** Family Primulaceae Hottonia inflata Feather-foil 2 0 1914 SC-PE Primula farinosa Bird°s-eye Primrose 12 12 1986 WL Primula mistassinica Mistassini Primrose 25 24 1984 WL/3C Samolus valerandi ssp. parviflorus Water-pimpernel 17 16 1986 WL ** Family Gentianaceae Bartonia paniculata Screw-stem 3 1 1986 E Gentiana rubricaulis Red-stemmed Gentian 2 0 1923 SC-PE Gentianella amarella Felwort 4 1 1987 E Gentianella quinquefolia Stiff-Gentian 2 0 1952 SC-PE Gentianopsis crinita Fringed Gentian 26 21 1987 WL OCCURRENCES YEAR LAST STATUS SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME TOTAL RECENT DOCUMENTED ME/FED Lamatogonium rotatum Marsh Felwort 9 9 1986 SC ** Family Apocynaceae (sensu lato) Asclepias tuberosa Butterfly-weed 1 1X 1985 E ** Family Convulvulaceae Calystegia spithamaea Upright Bindweed 9 3 1987 T Family Polemoniaceae Polemoni.um vanbruntiae Jacob°s Ladder 1 1 1987 E ** Family Boraginaceae Hackelia deflexa var. americana American Stickseed 1 1 1978 E ** Family Verbenaceae Verbena urticifolia White Vervain 4 0 1905 SC-PE ** Family Lamiaceae (Labiatae) Scutellaria leonardii Leonardos Skullcap 3 0 1896 SC-PE Scutellaria parvula Small Skullcap 2 0 1942 SC-PE Stachys tenuifolia var. hispida Thin-leaved Hedge-nettle 1 0 1910 SC-PE ** Family Scrophulariaceae Agalinis maritima Seaside Agalinis 14 12 1986 WL Agalinis neoscotica Nova Scotia Agalinis 1 1 1987 E Castilleja coccinea Scarlet Painted-cup 1 0 18?? SC/PE Castilleja septentrionalis Northern Painted-cup 14 14 1987 WL Euphrasia disjuncta An Eyebright 1 0 1860 SC-PE Euphrasia oakesii Oakes Eyebright 1 1 1988 E Limosella australis Mudwort 24 23 1986 WL Lindernia dubia var. anagallidea False Pimpernel 1 1 1980 WL Mimulus ringens var. colpophilus Estuarine Monkey Flower 9 4 1986 WL/2 Pedicularis furbishiae Furbishs Lousewort 12 11 1987 E/LE Scrophularia marilandica Carpenter's Square 1 0 1898 SC-PE Veronica wormskjoldii r.wormskjoldli Alpine Speedwell 1 1 1978 E ** Family Lentibulariaceae Utricularia resupinata Small Purple Bladderwort 14 3 1985 T ** Family Phrymaceae Phryma leptostachya Lopseed 4 0 1916 SC-PE ** Family Plantaginaceae Littorella americana Littorella 7 7 1985 SC ** Family Rubiaceae Galium obtusum A Bedstraw 1 0 1885 SC-PE Hedyotis longifolia Long-leaved Bluet 15 11 1986 WL Hedyotis purpurea var. calycosa Lance-leaved Bluet 3 0 1905 SC-PE OCCURRENCES YEAR LAST STATUS SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME TOTAL RECENT DOCUMENTED ME/FED Family Caprifoliaceae Lonicera dioica Mountain Honeysuckle 6 2 1981 E(a) Lonicera oblongifolia Swamp-fly Honeysuckle 13 7 1987 SC Lonicera sempervirens Trumpet Honeysuckle 2 0 1916 SC-PE Triosteum aurantiacum Wild Coffee 7 2 1984 T Viburnum edule Squashberry, Mooseberry 19 12 1983 WL ** Family Valerianaceae Valeriana sitchense ssp. uliginosa Northern Valerian 13 9 1987 SC/3C ** Family Campanulaceae Lobelia siphilitica Blue Cardinal Flower 3 0 1905 SC-PE ** Family Asteraceae (Campositae Arnica mollis Arnica 10 8 1984 SC Aster borealis Rush Aster 15 6 1985 SC Aster divaricatus White Wood Aster 4 3 1984 T Aster dumosus Bushy Aster 3 1 1980 E Aster foliaceus Leafy-bracted Aster 10 3 1985 T Aster patens Late Purple Aster 1 0 1878 SC-PE Aster paternus White-topped Aster 3 2 1986 T Aster schreberi Schreber°s Aster 1 0 1894 SC-PE Aster subulatus Small Salt-marsh Aster 2 1 1982 E Bidens eatonii Eaton°s Bur-marigold 6 1 1983 T Bidens.hyperborea Estuary Bur-marigold 7 4 1984 T Erigeron acris var. kamschaticus A Fleabane 5 0 1900 SC-PE Erigeron hyssopifolius Hyssop-leaved Fleabane 19 11 1984 WL Eupatorium dubium Eastern Joe-Pye-Weed 3 1 1985 E Eupatorium fistulosum Trumpet-Weed 1 0 1900 SC-PE Eupatorium rotundifolium var. ovatum Hairy Boneset 1 0 1870 SC-PE Gnaphalium purpureum Purple Cudweed 2 0 1898 SC-PE Gnaphalium supinum Alpine Cudweed 1 1 1978 E Hieracium gronovii Gronovius Hawkweed 1 0 1882 SC-PE Hieracium robinsonii Robinson's Hawkweed 4 0 1916 SC-PE Hieracium venosum var. nudicaule Rattlesnake-Weed 1 0 1909 SC-PE Iva frutescens var. oraria Marsh-elder 3 3 1981 T Liatris scariosa var. novae-angliae Northern Blazing Star 6 2 1985 T Mikania scandens Climbing Hempweed 1 0 1916 SC-PE Prenanthes X mainensis Rattle-snake Root 3 0 1946 SC-PE Prenanthes boottii Boott°s Rattlesnake-root 3 3 1984 T/2 Prenanthes nana Dwarf Rattlesnake-root 13 1 1969 E Prenanthes racemosa Racemed Rattlesnake-root 11 9 1987 SC Solidago calcicola A Goldenrod 2 0 1894 SC-PE Solidago canadensis var. salebrosa A Goldenrod 4 1 1974 WL Solidago canadensis var. scabra A Goldenrod 3 1 1970 WL Solidago canadensis var. subserrata A Goldenrod 3 0 1953 WL Solidago cutleri Cutler's Goldenrod 6 6 1984 SC Solidago ulmifolia Elm-leaved Goldenrod 2 0 1896 SC-PE Tanacetum bipinnatum ssp. huronense Saint John Tansy 12 9 1983 T(b) NAME CHANGES OFFICIAL LIST OF MAINE'S PLANTS THAT ARE ENDANGERED OR THREATENED, and list of plants that are of special concern (including possibly extirpated) or that belong on a watch list Dibble and Campbell, 23 Aug 1987 Until a new revision is available, nomenclature follows Kartesz, John T. and Rosemarie Kartesz. 1980. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. Chapel Hill: Univ. of North Carolina Press. OLD NAME: NEW NAME: Achillea borealis* A. millefolium var. borealis Agrostis borealis A. mertensii Amelanchier gaspensis* A. sanguinea var. gaspensis Anemonella thalictroides Thalictrum thalictroides Antennaria rupicola* A. neglecta var. attenuata Artemisia canadensis* A. campestris ssp. borealis Aster johannensis var. villicaulis* A. tardiflorus var. vestitus Aster junciformis A. borealis Aster puniceus var. oligocephalis* A. puniceus var. puniceus Bartonia paniculata var. intermedia Bartonia paniculata ssp. iodandra Betula caerulea-grandis Betula X caerulea Bidens hyperborea var. colpophila B. hyperborea var. hyperborea Bidens hyperborea var. cathancensis B. hyperborea var. svensonii Calamagrostis fernaldii* C. stricta ssp. inexpansa Calamagrostis inexpansa var. novae-angliae C. stricta ssp. inexpansa Calamagrostis neglecta C. stricta ssp. stricta Calamagrostis stricta C. stricta ssp. stricta Camptosorus rhizophyllus Asplenium rhizophyllum Carex capillaris var. major C. capillaris ssp. capillaris Carex garberi var. bifaria C. hassei Carex katahdinensis* C. conoidea Chenopodium boscianum C. berlanderi var. boscianum Clematis verticellaris C. occidentalis var. occidentalis Eleocharis diandra* E. obtusa var. obtusa Eleocharis ovata var. heuseri* E. obtusa var. ovata Eleocharis pauciflora var. fernaldii E. pauciflora Epilobium alpinum E. anagallidifolium Equisetum variegatum var. jesupii E. X trachyodon Erigeron angulosus var. kamschaticus E. acris var. kamschaticus Eupatorium pubescens E. rotundifolium var. ovatum Gentiana amarella Gentianella amarella Gentiana crinita Gentianopsis crinita Gentiana quinquefolia Gentianella quinquefolia Hackelia americana H. deflexa var. americana Hedysarum alpinum var. americanum H. alpinum var. alpinum Hepatica acutiloba H. nobilis var. acuta Houstonia lanceolata Hedyotis purpurea var. calycosa Houstonia longifolia Hedyotis longifolia Iris hookeri I. setosa var. canadensis Juncus dudleyi* J. tenuis var. uniflorus Lespedeza nuttallii L. X nuttallii Liatris borealis L. scariosa var. novae-angliae Limosella subulata L. australis Lindernia anagallidea L. dubia var. anagallidea Montia lamprosperma M. fontana ssp. fontana Orchis rotundifolia Amerorchis rotundifolia Orchis spectabilis Galearis spectabilis Paronychia argyrocoma var. albimontana P. argyrocoma Poa alpigena* P. pratensis ssp. alpigena Podostemum ceratophyllum Podostemon ceratophyllum Polygala cruciata var. aquilonia P. cruciata Polygonum puritanorum* P. persicaria Prenanthes trifoliolata var. nana P. nana Primula laurentiana P. farinosa Quercus prinus Q. montana Rosa johannensis* R. blanda var. glabra Rumex fenestratus R. occidentalis var. fenestratus Sagittaria montevidensis var. spongiosa S. calycina var. spongiosa Salicornia bigelovii S. virginica Salix glaucophylloides* S. myricoides Salix interior var. exterior S. exigua Samolus parviflorus S. valerandi ssp. parviflorus Saxifraga aizoon var. neogaea S. paniculata Saxifraga stellaris var. comosa S. foliolosa var. foliolosa Scirpus cespitosus var. delicatulus* S. caespitosus Seriocarpus asteroides Aster paternus Silene acaulis var. exscapa S. acaulis var. acaulis Spiraea latifolia var. septentrionalis S. septentrionalis Stachys tenuifolia var. platyphylla S. tenuifolia var. hispida Steironema laevigatum* Lysimachia hybrida Tanacetum huronense var. johannense T. bipinnatum var. huronense Thalictrum confine T. venulosum var. confine Tillaea aquatica Crassula aquatica Trisetum spicatum var. pilosiglume T. triflorum ssp. triflorum Vaccinium caesariense* V. corymbosum Valeriana uliginosa V. sitchense ssp. uliginosa Veronica alpina var. unalaschensis V. wormskjoldii ssp. wormskjoldii Vitis aestivalis var. argentifolia V. aestivalis * = Listed in Gawler, 1985 (An annotated list of Maine's rare vascular plants. Critical Areas Program Misc. Report 25), but the name change according to Kartesz and Kartesz results in removal from Official List Taxa not found in Kartesz and Kartesz (1980) but retained in Official List for the present: Draba lanceolata, Eleocharis engelmanii f. detonsa, Juniperus horizontalis X virginica creba, and Viola adunca var. minor. Plant Conservation Guidelines: Scientists and Teachers The Plant Conservation Roundtable's most a single specimen; large popu- 13. Do not purchase wild- Conservation Guidelines are in- lation: follow these guidelines. collected plants (or plant parts) tended to apply to the collection of 6. When collecting multiple of rare or protected taxa even for United States native plants for use as specimens for exchange with other research, teaching or herbarium herbarium specimens, as research herbaria or for population studies or specimens. material for biochemical assay or an- other purposes, make sure there is 14. When choosing live plant ma- atomical study, for teaching or for a clear need for the number of terial to use for scientific re- experimental horticulture. specimens you wish to collect. search, if possible use plants or Please consider the following Be sure the plant is abundant plant parts from existing collec- when collecting native plants for the enough to justify the collection tions or from propagated purposes mentioned: of multiple specimens. Collect sources. If you must collect liv- 1. Know which taxa are locally or population samples only as part of a ing plants from the wild for sci- nationally rare or protected. Find scientifically designed sampling plan entific research, collect in a out and follow all necessary legal for a specific scientific purpose. Col- manner least likely to damage procedures for collecting. Contact lect no more than 5 percent of the the wild population. In order of the state's natural resource agency plants visible in any population. general preference, collect (1) seeds and the Office of Endangered Spe- 7. Collect discreetly SO as not to (if abundant), (2) cuttings or other cies, USFWS, Washington, D.C. 20240. encourage others to collect indis- plant parts, (3) whole plants. Leave 2. Obtain needed permits for sci- criminately. Be prepared to explain behind some reproductive or regener- entific collecting on public lands. On what you are doing and why. Avoid ative parts such as fruits, roots, or private lands, obtain the permis- unnecessary damage to the site rhizomes. sion of the landowner before col- and its aesthetic values. 15. When discussing your research lecting. Report any illegal collecting 8. If you discover a new plant re- results, describe conservation that you encounter to the appropri- cord, notify an appropriate con- considerations underlying your ate authorities. servation official or land manager. collecting techniques. 3. Do not collect indiscrimi- Be cautious in providing site loca- 16. Teach your students about nately, even in large populations. tions of rare plants to others. proper and careful collecting. Collect only the minimum amount of 9. If you learn that rare or pro- When taking students into the field, plant material necessary for docu- tected taxa or their habitats may visit only non-sensitive areas, taking mentation or research purposes. be destroyed, notify your state care not to trample the site. Avoid When feasible, use photography or conservation agency or The Na- frequent visits to the same natural other methods of documentation. ture Conservancy, 1800 North Kent site. For classroom use, collect only When collecting, take into account Street, Arlington, VA 22209. those plants both common in the re- the cumulative effect of all collecting 10. Conduct salvage (rescue) gion and locally abundant at the site. at the site. projects only in sites that are Generally, collect only the portions 4. Avoid collecting from a popu- scheduled for imminent destruc- of a plant necessary for identification, lation of fewer than 100 plants. tion and only in conjunction with such as leaves, flowers or fruit. When essential to verify a possible appropriate state agencies or conser- -Developed by The Plant Conserva- new record for the area, or to obtain vation organizations. Obtain prior tion Roundtable, Washington, D.C. a scientific voucher, collect only a permission of the landowner. Do not Adopted June 13, 1986. single specimen. Do not collect collect from portions of the site that whole plants when plant parts are will remain in a natural state. Use sal- sufficient. Do not collect samples SO vaged plants only for such purposes large as to affect adversely the popu- as relocation, public education, bo- lation's reproduction and survival. tanical research or documentation, or For voucher specimens, take only a as propagation stock, and not for sale The Plant Conservation Roundtable small part if this would be adequate to the public. is an ad boc commitee composed of for positive identification. Never col- 11. Care properly for the speci- individuals from various conservation lect the only plant at a site. mens you collect. Deposit herbar- organizations and government agen- 5. If you encounter a plant with ium specimens in an appropriate, cies throughout the greater Washing- which you are unfamiliar, as- recognized, publicly accessible col- ton, D.C., area. For more informa- sume it is rare and exercise one of lection. Follow standard methods tion, write Jane MacKnight, World the following options. Small popu- such as the guidelines issued by the Wildlife Fund, 1250 NW, lation, possible to return: photo- Association of Systematics Collections Washington, D.C. 20037. graph the plant for identification and for labelling the specimens. The Plant Conservation Round- return for collecting only if the col- 12. If you plan to maintain living table. 1986. May be reproduced with- lection would add significantly to sci- plants, collect in a manner to en- out permission if reprinted in its en- entific knowledge; small popula- sure the survival of the individ- tirety and credit is given to The Plant tion, difficult to return: collect at ual plants. Conservation Roundtable. -14-