HISTORIE MAINE AND INDIAN MYTHOLOGY ANCIENT MAINE (Mavooshen.) ETHONOLOGY tells us that there is evi- dence that the antiquity of man is the greatest of all ani- mals and that he was once a fish. Medical research declares that the animal cell originated in the water and that the em- bryonic man has gills to this day. Through the thousands or millions of years of the remote evolutionary ages man's trans- formation may be compared to that of the frog's present life, start- ing from one animal cell which is endowed with all the spirit, will power, and knowledge of nature multiplies and builds itself into a little fishlike creature. Gradually its gills give way to lungs and little legs and arm's begin to FRIAR'S sprout and tail diminish. It cannot now stay under water continually out has to HEAD raise its head above water to breathe, soon learning to crawl upon the shore and find its food. The clam and oyster is known to be the earliest food of man and the existence of immense deposits of shell on the coast of Maine are silent records of primative man. The shell heaps are supposed to have been started soon efter the retreat of glaciers of the ice age northward and that date is established by the wearing of rock at Niagara to be about 25,000 years. The cracked marrow bones of most of the northern animals, together with charcoal by which they were roasted, are embeded in this debris of past ages. The bones of man, elk, moose, caribou, deer, bear, beaver, great awk, ducks, fish, dog, wolf, fox and many smaller animals exist there with flint, horn and bone implements, pottery. Not one trace of anything of European origin has ever been found. The great awk, elk and caribou and oyster are now extinct in this region. The ice-bergs and glaciers of the far north are the habitat of the awk now, showing that it followed in the wake of the northerly glacial retreat across this continent. The presence of cracked human bones un- doubtedly indicates cannibalism. Uncas, a Mohegan chief, was once seen by white men to eat the flesh of his enemy. Popham's colonists, 1607, first settlers in Maine, were told frightful stories of cannibalism to the north and English captives who escaped told of similar barbarities. The early Jesuits' relations of the St. Lawrence, relate that a tribe at the mouth of the river devoured the flesh of their enemies and the writer has himself been told by several Hudson Bay Co. officials that was the weakness of the Objaway indian to-day in extreme cases of starvation. These deposits of shell along the coast and on the islands are very numerous and many of them acres in extent, and from 3 to 30 feet deep. Perhaps the best example is at Damariscotta, (Mar-dar-mes-kun-teag, young shad pool.) A canoe trip with an indian guide, a few hours' excavation, and one will be lost in reveries of the past. These were the pleasant summer sites of the indian villages; in the winters the people ascended the rivers for hunting. These great shell piles with the bones, implements and pottery buried therein have been a mystery to scientific men for years. There are three distinct strata. The first with its human cracked marrow bones and bone spears indicate according to Prof. Morse the pre-adamite age when man was a cannibal and not yet learned the art of making flint weapons and probably was little more than a hairy animal himself. Over this is a foot of dust mould indicating a lapse of hundreds of years. Then comes the flint strata or real indian age and another layer mould loan. The top strata is the subject of much variation of expert theory. Prof. Puthon'claims this to be of Norse origin and that there are many heaps similar chalactic in Norway. From the Norse Sagas we learn that I ickson came to the New England coast about 994 and that many Sent voyages, of the Norse Vikings followed. their cattle and bartered for fur trade with the indians and n, grapes, (wine?) and peltry. French and Scandina- ce that the early Bretons followed in their wake, and nerous Norse colonies dotting the New England shore. g the coast of Maine in 1524, reported the Bretons to have 101 to his times. had large colonies in Greenland about the 8th century, sup- hops. From records in the Vatican some came Southwest ew settlements and were replaced from Rome. These, our an- vere hardy sea rovers, had long light canoe-like boats and fair wind must have sailed faster than our schooners; they ONE OF THE DRUIDICAL STONES (Of Maine) HARKO'S SON ADDRESSED THE NORSE INSCRIPTION FOUND ON A STONE AT YARMOUTH, N. S. HARKO WAS WITH THORFEIN WHO CAME TO AMERICA IOTH CENTURY also could stand a bigger sea. According to their own records they sailed from Greenland to Halluland (Newfoundland) in four days; to Mark- land (Nova Scotia) in two, and from there to Vine- THE VIKING SHIP. land (N. E.) in two or three more. One Viking expedition to New England was lead by a woman. They lived all winter on a whale and fought battles with the Indians. With their iron axes and chain armour they were more than a match for their foes. The roar and charge of the bulls who disliked red war paint served to keep the in- dians at bay while the Norsemen built stockades, log houses and stone cellars. There are many ruins on Mount Desert, Frenchmen's Bay, Penobscot Bay, Dam- airscove, Sheepscot and Damariscotta, and on the Kennebec River which are lost in antiquity and have no historical data. AtPemaquid, paved streets and ancient cellars have been unearthed which also are clouded in mystery. The writer has found a double-edged iron knife dagger or spear head in such a cellar six miles north of Castine which is an exact likeness of one in Du Challu's Viking Age. Also sand stone pottery and wooden spear handle embedded in the clam flats which are deposited in Peabody museum, Harvard. At Ellsworth, a stone inscribed with supposed Runic characters was found by Mr. Hosea Wardwell of Castine, and is now in the Bucksport Seminary. Double-edged iron swords of Norse pattern are often found in these ancient cellars and also in Indian graves with stone axes, gouges, and flint implements, etc. Now the Norsemen were here 500 years before Goswald and Weymouth, 1603 and 1605, and had sufficient time to develop a great populousness which gradually was absorbed by intermarrying with the Indian. Such is the case at Hudson Bay where the Indians are turning Scotch and in Quebec where the French predominate. Our own populous- ness has developed in less than 300 years and who knows how we will turn in the next 200 years. The mythical Norumbega is supposed to have been their largest town or colony and the earliest maps and accounts place it at Pen- obscot Bay. David Ingram put ashore in Florida in 1567, made his way overland to St. John, N. B., describes an ancient town a mile or more in extent at the Penobscot stored with OX hides, which the natives called Norum- bega. He mentions the dwellings of cannibals with teeth like dogs. There are many words in Indian like the Norse and the Wawenoc; at Pemaquid, Indian numerals resemble the Icelandic One can glimpse old Norse stores, Pagan and Christian in the Wapanaki leg- ends, which I think is the strongest evidence we have of direct contact and CARRACH UF amalgamation of the Norseman and the Indians. CFLTIC DRU THE IRISH CELTS IN AMERICA MADE OF W AND THE T HERE is still another phase of this early civilization of 'be cartical between LA ERS OF Helluland and Vineland or modern Maine, which 'Ve all seriousness, the voyages and colonization of the Druidical Monks, who inhabited Ireland and the Faroe Isi Iceland by the plundering Vikings. Again we learn from Norsemen discovered Iceland, much to their surprise, th fled the Faroe Isles for seclusion, had Christian monaster The Irishmen gave way to the barbarious ravishing Nort Western Eden, Irland St. Mikla, or Greater Ireland to th The earliest chronological accounts make the Irishman R Culdees the heroes of marvellous voyages to the Western te fifth century. As Celtic civilization was spread through ut of the adventures of Brendan were given great credit in t1 NOTE. Judge Sullivan records in 1706 the remains of a very ancie Waterville, found by the Massachusetts government troops, when they bu It against the English in I754. He also found, in 1790, remains of ancient birch twenty-seven miles from the head of navigation on the east bank of the Sebastico the Gauls, Normans, English, French, Germans and Spaniards. It infused in them a zeal for adventure and discovery beyond the Atlantic. Thus we see Colum- bus sailing to Ireland and Iceland, gleaning information of the wonderful country beyond the Atlantic in Irish and Norse legends and writings. That the Culdees or Celtic priests were the fore-runners of the discoveries in the West and Northwest, there is but little doubt, their immigration being forced by the religious persecution of the Italio-Jewish cult. It appears that these Druidical Monks received the spark of Christianity centuries before Europe, and sent out their hords of Apostles and teachers over the continent and raised the white savages from a most barbarous depth to a civilized state of religious society. With the spread of Italian and English system of Christianity, the monks withdrew from their field of labor back to Ireland where the domination of the same system made them voluntary exiles to West and Northwestern Archipelagoes, and then to America. How much like the Pilgrims of later date to worship God their own way. Champlain found the natives here in great reverence of the Cross. The Phoenicians are the legendary ancestors of these Irish Druids who appear to have inherited the qualities of their progenitors, the greatest of the sea roving ancients. The rock writings on Monhegan Island have been pronounced by European authorities to be of Phoenician origin, while those on Damarricone Island resemble more the Runic or Norse. Unfortunately the wearing effect of time, weather and waves has all but erased whole groupings leaving nothing definite to be trans- lated, only leading the eye back to the fog banks of antiquity. COLUMBUS When Columbus discovered America the Pope gave the continent to Spain by divine right of discovery. England said "No," and adopted the motto, "Seizure and Position," War was declared. The Spanish Armada sailed to its destruction losing 5,000 men, and England became supreme on the sea. French, English and Dutch hastened to plant colonies and thereby establish titles in the New World. The French, Sieur de Montes and Champlain, 1604, were first at Port Royal, N.S., and the British at Jamestown, 1609. But England wanted all and sent Captain Argall, 1613, to destroy the missionary settlement at St. Saveur (Mts. Deserts) and Port Royal. Englis treachery antagonized the Indians at Fort Popham, 1607, first settlement in Maine, which was captured and burned and the colony sailed back to England. Weymouth had captured five slaves. In 1614 Captain John Smith landed at Monhegan Island and built a fleet of vessels for fishing and whaling. While he went back to England with the first cargo, his Captain Hunt left in charge of the fleet sailed down to Cape Cod and captured twenty-seven Indians and sold them to the Spaniards at Malaga as slaves. When the Pilgrims landed six years later they received a shower of flint-headed arrows and also a bad impression of the red man. Cottereal captured fifty-seven slaves. Later the Ducal Province of Maine sanctioned and offered a bounty for scalps and hostile Indian prisoners. It soon developed into a slave trade, pure and simple, in both hostile and friendly Indians, but the Indian never was a success as a slave and the trade soon dwindled. Next, the English were kept busy keeping their own wigs on, the French at coffered the Indians $15.00 each for their enemies' scalps. Indians repelled several attempts to colonize by the English h gave the French a firm footing again in Arcadia with hern boundary. The English were firmly established at THE PURITANS at the Plymouth Colony was settlement in New England, points in Maine prior to mvonhegan, Pemaquid and rised for fishing and fur They were abandoned traders left their The cause, BATTLESHIP undoubtedly, the activity of the Indians who remembered the slave propensities of Weymouth, Hunt and Cotereal, and probably many dark deeds of piracy and slave traffic which history does not recall. The atrocious policy of Popham who attempted to colonize at the mouth of the Kennebec in 1607, precipitated the vengeance of the red man which wrecked his establishment and forced his colony back to England. Popham, finding the Indians suspicious on account of the atrocities of his predecessors, overcame it at first with kindness, presents and rum, and made them willing slaves. While they were laboriously dragging his cannon up the banks he discharged a light charge of powder into their midst, killing several and burning many bare backs. This policy was for the moral effect to awe them into forced serfdom, and to impress upon CAPE SPLIT them a wholesome dread of their weapons. They arose like a crowd of savage hornets and captured his fort. While they were ransacking this store-house several kegs of powder were opened and not being good to eat was strewn over the floor which soon took fire killing many more. While they drank, gorged, danced and buried their dead, the colonists who had escaped to their ships sailed merrily back to England and reported the rigors of the climate too severe for them. Thus ended the first colony of New England. There was a hemlock tree over the kiln two feet in diameter. Also is recorded the discovery three years after the close of the French war, 1759, at Agrys Point, north of the town of Pittston, three miles below Gardiner, near stream of Nahumkeag, when the primeval trees were cleared to build a ship, the ruins of thirteen brick chimneys of strange design. There was a huge pine tree in their midst, evidently grown up after the settlement was abandoned. It had six hundred rings dating it back to the time of the Norsemen. There are no French or English accounts of these many ancient ruins in Maine and we must look to a prior civilization the Irish Celts, Norsemen and their contemporaries, the Bretons or French Normans. *NOTE. The Indian is the soul of hospitality and good-will in his primative unspoiled state, I have ample proof of this assertion having spent four years among the Maine tribes, the Iroquois at Coughanawaga, Que., a guest of Chief Simon, Commandant of the Nippissings, the Ojibways of the Lake Superior and Hudson Bay regions and also the Blackfeet of Montana. There are customs of philanthropy and hospitality among them that never existed in the white race in SO pure a form. The stranger guest must be very careful what he admires in the Northwest as the ancient custom makes him the possessor of the object of his admirations. The traveller, be he white or Indian, coming from a hard journey by snowshoes or canoe is always welcome, given the best place by the fire and change of socks and moccasins and pipe of willow bark and tobacco, while the best there is in the lodge or cabin is prepared at once without the traveller even hinting at his weariness or hunger. The custom of giving the pipe is sacred to the Indian and was equal to a pledge of friendship and good-will sworn on the altar of the Master of Life. Tradition says that the pipe was a gift from the hand of the Great Father and the leaf the body of the Indian Saviour, his beautiful daughter. This use of tobacco as a symbol of good-will has come down to our time and has spread to the use of liquor. He who used this sacred rite in connection with business and politics insults the red man's God. It would be like one taking Holy Communion and at once breaking faith. Weymouth smoked the sacred pipe with the Indians of Maine in 1604 which was made of a lobster claw and afterwards enticed them into traps with bowls of peas to be kidnapped for slaves. I was present when the daughters of Longfellow made a pilgrimage at the invitation of the Ojib- ways of Lake Superior, that particular band which their father had immortalized in Hiawatha. This memorable occasion disclosed the true innate character of the Indian race which was lovable indeed. They were the ancestors of all the Maine Indians. While duck shooting among the Islands of Ste. Marie river the outlet of Lake Superior, with a young Indian early one cold November morning our birch canoe upset. We had Scarce strength enough to swim to the edge of the dead and tangled rushes which grew from a soft bottom shoulder deep, among which thin ice had already formed. In struggling through this for a quarter of a mile or more I thought I must perish. There were some hollows in the mud and we could not get foouing, the reeds entangled our feet and the ice cut our faces. The last little hollow ined across ike a dead log by my companion whom I had helped to swim in the deeper wat the rushes\ty putting two cedar paddles under his arms and pushing him in front of me. Pewa swimmer as all Indians, but had the strength and vitality at the last, to stand the chi We crawled upon th bank unable to stand, our jaws shook SO we could not talk. Our face, hang feet It would have been a painless death, simply the relieving of the horrib We were rescued by one James Narwegizik, an aged Indian, whose log cat Seeing our upturned canoe he paddled to it in his pine dugout, then fo the ice and rushes, he and his good squaw with great kindness brought speak, as such was nearly the case. The thawing out process was e painful benumbing in the icy water, but the application of herb poultises are ing me greatly of the torture. I soon learned the good Narwegizik friend hc. craft, his Indian agent, who with his brother had married sisters O known that he wrote most lovingly of many of the Indian characters ati or Sault Ste. Marie rapids, and that Longfellow drew almost wholly the characters and mythology in Hiawatha. It seemed to me that 11CL PASSAMAQUODDY TYPE ROCK WRITINGS ON MONHEGAN ISLAND SUPPOSED TO BE OF PHOENICIAN ORIGIN Georges, the colonizing agent of King James was continually watchful for good material as a barrier against the French on the St. Lawrence and the Dutch at Manhattan. The North branch of the Virginia Company was abolished and a new charter given of the country between the Hudson River and Bay de Chaleur called the New England Company with Georges as Chief Agent. A number of stalwart English families who had migrated to Leyden, Holland, in order that they might worship God their own way, were persuaded by Georges to settle in the New World. At first they chose the Hudson River near the Dutch who were more tolerant to their religious ideas. But this was against the policy of the crown and like any political or mercenary schemes of a railroad colonization agent he sidetracked them to Plymouth, Massachusetts. These God-fearing Pil- grims were of good industrious stock and were designed by Georges as the only element which could successfully gain back the confidence of the red man and who would treat him as one of God's creatures. In order to favor this persevering colony of Pilgrims they were given a large tract of land on the Kennebec and exclusive rights of trading. Soon it had posts at Sagadahoc, Richmond and Cushnoc, which is now Augusta . In 1626, the Pilgrim Issac Allerton built a fort and tradinghouse on the site of Castine. The whole of New Scotland in the marriage treaty of King Charles to the French King's daughter Maria, was deeded to France. But this section east of the Penobscot had already been given to Alexander, Secretary to the Scottish crown by Georges to settle with Scotch as a barrier against the French on the St. awrence. Just before Alexander foreseeing difficulty sold it to La Tour on condition that it be held subject to the Scotch crown, but he turned about and secretly procured a patent from the French King to be held by him as subject of France. Thus the section became disputed territory but the French took possession and called it Arcadie, and thought themselves safe in plundering all English trading posts and vessels found in its limits. Next Allerton's trading fort at Castine was sacked by the French but the spirited Puritans were in possession next spring and established another at Machias. Next year La Tour himself captured the two forts and carried the captives to the Port Royal of old, and D'Aulney the first governor of Arcadia occupied the Puritan fort as headquarters. Then Baron Castine strengthened and enlarged it to his famous stronghold which kept back the tide of the English in Maine for more than thirty years. The remains of this historic old fort are visible to-day. LE BARON DE ST. CASTINE Then enter that picturesque figure in history, Baron Castine. Disappointed at the disbanding of his regiment in Quebec he took his VOWS against civilization and settled at the mouth of the Penobscot. He married the beautiful Mathilda, daughter of the Sachem Madockawando, also three other Indian traits of my Indian host in the loveable Chibabos or the noble character of Hiawatha himself The wel the P. is none other than the real kindness and affection received by Father Illinois. Father Druilette was actually implored by the Kennebec Inc from Sillery, Quebec. He wrote affectionately of their good qualities. aj ted by the English except several who escaped to the Penobscot are their last descendants. A tradition told me by George Dana, P. ob company of English troops sent against them, who by shipwreck ving on the coast in winter. He gave me a stone pipe said to the rescuing party. I hope later to learn more this scots dwelling on Oldtown Island, above Bangor, about the oi the Passamaquoddy tribe at Eastport. It is CHAPEL y of acquired the vices of the whites, but the true Indian OFFICERS QUARTERS SOARD it fortunate is he who gains their confidence. They are rices and companions in the woods. FORT CASTINE FORT CASTINE 1626 PLATFORM 11/11/17 Le BARON DE CASTINE maids after the Indian custom. The savages looked up to him as a titular God and he became their chief. The Baron was skilled in the best European military science. He led them to attack the English forts to the south, Pemaquid and Wells, and many other fortified settlements of the English; taught them the science of assault, trenching, sapping or tunnelling operations under the stone forts, which were blown up and captured. He was a thorn in the side of his English enemies, and for forty years a barrier to English aggression in Arcadia. Governor Andros himself, from Boston, tried to kidnap the Baron and surprised his stronghold when the Indians were away, but Castine escaped with his wives to the woods. Andros pillaged everything in the shape of firearms, furniture and stores, but like Castine, a Papist left the chapel with all its rich decorations. One whose bearded cheek And white and wrinkled brow bespeak, A few long locks of scattering snow, Beneath a battered morion flow; And from the rivets on his vest, Which girds in steel his ample breast, The slanted sunbeams glance. In the harsh outlines of his face, Passion and sin have left their trace Yet, save worn brow and thin grey hair, No signs of weary age are there. His step is firm, his eye is keen, Nor years in broil and battle spent, Nor toil, nor wounds, nor pain had bent The lordly frame of old Castine (Whittier-Mog Megone.) "A form of beauty undefined, A loveliness without a name, Not of degree, but more of kind; Nor bold nor shy, not short nor talljifo But a new mingling of the IEW Yes, beauty beyog to belief, Transfigured and gailfuled he The lady of the Pyrenez The daughter of the Ingu (Longfellow.--T.e Baron astine BARONESS MATHILDA KING PHILIP'S WAR SPREADS TO MAINE, 1675. A T the beginning of the war in Massachusetts Philip sent secret agents to all the tribes to the eastward. The Sachem Passaconaway of the New Hamp- shire Indians, Rowles, sagamore of the Pascataqua and the Penobscot Indians, foresaw the doom of the redman's cause and refused to rise. But Squando, sachem of the Sokokis had never been friendly to the English, and about this time an incident took place which made him a most bitter enemy. His squaw and her little papoose were crossing the Saco river in a canoe and a party of soldiers deter- mined to prove that a papoose can swim from instinct, upset the canoe in the water. The infant sank to the bottom and the poor mother after diving brought it up alive, but later it sickened and died. Squando believed its death due to the cruel treatment of the whites and vowed vengeance. This chieftain was the most remarkable Indian of his time. He was a medicine man and claimed he had received revelations from the Spirit world, and that the Great Spirit had left the English to be destroyed by the Indians. For three months the torch and tomay- hawk was rampant and whole villages were wiped out and the settlers killed. Philip was determined on the annihilation of the encroaching whites. His father, the noble Massasoit, chief of the Wampanoags of Rhode Island was all his life the friend of the infant Pilgrim colony at Plymouth and labored to keep back the tide of war. On the death of Philip, 1696, the shattered remnants of his forces silently folded their lodges and left forever the pleasant places in the land of their birth. Some went westward and many migrated into Maine. A force of English soldiers with Mohegan allies marched from Boston to Dover, N. H., to meet the Maine warriors in a truce council. Major Waldron with the Maine forces was in command. He was the magistrate at Pemaquid and had settled many petty differences between these Indians and the settlers. The Indians relying on Waldron's honor met the soldiers in body, whereupon the Major perpe- trated a most attrocious trick under the flag of truce and captured four hundred of them, marched them to Boston, killed some and sold the rest into slavery. This breach of faith would make nations stand aghast. I N consequence of the fall of Jamestown at Pemaquid the coast east of "he Kennebec remained deserted for more than thirty years. Major Walton paid for his treachery with death by the most horrible torture. Simon, the "Yankee Killer", leading the defeated forces of Philip in Maine, incited the Maine tribes to such activity that the English at Boston feared for their safety and sent Major Church who did nothing more than check their advance with Massachusetts. He built a stone fort with a garrison at Fort Loyal, Casco Neck, now Portland. Next Castine and Madoccawando sacked the coast with about 500 Indians in a great flotilla of canoes and Fort Loyal was tunnelled under and forced to surrender under threat of annihilation with a mine. All the garrisons as far west as Wells were captured or abandoned and again the Indian reigned victorious over Maine. All the shore from the Penobscot to Kennebec was now alive with savages and the settlers got away in boats as best they could. First to Monhegan and other islands, thence to Boston. The smoke of burning buildings arose on every hand, cattle roamed at will affording forage in plenty for the Indians. This war is supposed to have been planned by Castine and his father-in-law, the Sagame.e Madoccawando with his war chiefs the famous Moxus and Mogg, and resul ed most di- strous for the English. like crafty thef ain Mogg stealthily glided among the fishing islands at night ptured twenty vessels. The authorities at Boston became clarmed ard sent ussels to sink the Indian fleet. The red skippers did not understand ne sails and all the ships were found pounding on the rocks with not n board. Note. give you the horrors to wade through and gore of the dreary, grue- many massacres and the French and Indian Maine. Lovewell's crusade the was all but another Custer vando and his powerful tribe, alta ugh natural chemies of the English, treated Am with great forbearance and horror and were ,everal times exempt from t e exterminating mas- Jacres of the English. In times of peace Capt. Cargi!! was sent from Boston to chastize a certain band, but to this treacherous scoundrel all Indians were alike. He murdered I2 friendly Penobscots A TYPICAL HOMESTEAD. THE LAST OF THE KENNEBECS, 1724. T HE extermination of the Kennebec tribe at Norridgewoch was a most gruesome affair. Captain Moulton, fearing that these Indians were being incited by the famous French Jesuit Ralle to raid the English, ascended the Kennebec river to Richmond in schooners and thence in whale boats farther up river to RALLE MONUMENT the settlement of the Indians at Norridgewoch. Part of the soldiers detoured back AORAIDGE wock of the Indians and the others skulked up under the bank, scuttled all the canoes and then began to butcher. What few Indians escaped in the canoes only sank in midstream and were drowned in the rapids. Old Chief Bombazeen held to the rocks in the midst of the rushing waters and was at last killed by a musket ball and these rapids bear his name today. The few that got across the river joined the Penobscots above Bangor and others that escaped the murderous fire reached the Indian village of St. Francis in Quebec, whither the last remnant of their kindred tribe the fated Wawennocks had gone before them. Captain John Smith tells us that the Bashaba king of the tribe ruled all the other tribes in Maine. His kingdom was at the mouth of the Kennebec near the great shell deposits, and that they were a far superior race of men. At last the fierce Penobscots overthrew his kingdom and killed most of his war- riors. This great exterminating warfare, about 1615, bred a direful scourge of smallpox which in 1617 left the bones of whole tribes bleaching on the New England coast from the Penobscot to Cape Cod. This was the last of the Massachusetts tribe. The Puritans write of finding everywhere deserted corn fields and unburied skeletons. ARNOLD'S EXPEDITION UP THE KENNEBEC, AGAINST QUEBEC, 1775. A T the beginning of the Revolution the dashing Irish General Montgomery had captured Montreal and Arnold was sent with Lieutenant Aaron Burr and with IIOO to take Quebec. The force embarked from Newburyport (1775) in eleven brigantines. Each carried twenty batteaux in which they ascended the River Kennebec from the head of navigation. With great labor they cut a trail and carried their boats and outfit over the height of land into the head waters of the Chaudière River which flows to the St. Lawrence opposite Quebec. They ate their food without fire for fear of warning the Indians ahead of them who would warn Quebee. The hungry soldiers saw herds of moose, but were not allowed to shoot them for the same reasons. Arnold was very unpopular and absolutely unfit for the commission and before he reached Quebec half the soldiers had deserted. Aaron Burr made his way overland disguised as a priest to get General Montgomery with re-enforcements from Montreal to command the assault. The unsuccessful attack was made upon the stone ramparts of the citadel in an awful snowstorm at night and the brave Montgomery was killed and the young and brilliant Aaron Burr covered himself with glory. The poor farmer boys, as such were the most that filled the ranks, had long suffered from cold and hunger and dragged themselves wearily back home through wilderness of northern Maine. Marks of the old trail from the Kennebec to the Chaudiere can be seen BEN. ARNOLD today and kegs of bullets, old flint locks, guns and trowel shape.' bayone often found along the line, the soldiers being, probably, too weak rrv farther, which tells the tale of their lawful experience. at Owls' Head and then crossing the bay to Castine tortured a small Indian boy who disclosed the site of the camp at Walker's Pond, where the Captain murdered more than three hundred in cold blood. The Mass. Court held him for two years for trial but as he had killed all the witnesses, was acquitted. The settlers who cleared up the old Indian corn field soon after, piled up sculls to the size of a mall hay stack. FRENCH HALF BREEDS. STEAMSHIP "CALVIN AUSTIN OLD BLOCKHOUSE AT WINSLOW ON THE KENNEBEC OF FORT HALIFAX THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR IN MAINE TH British Commerce suffered severely from the operations of American Cruisers and Privateers who possessed all the harbors in the eastern waters at the beginning of the Revolution. The military value of Maine's wood, lumber masts and fish was coveted by Britain and she dispatched General Francis McLean, 1779, from Halifax with 700 men and three war vessels to Castine at the mouth of the Penobscot River. The Americans becoming alarmed at the possession by the English of a military coast upon its eastern frontier, the General Court of Massachusetts without con- sulting with the continental authorities ordered the State Board of War to prepare an expedition against the British at the earliest possible moment. The fleet con- sisted of nineteen war vessels and twenty-four transports, commanded by Salton- stall of New Haven, Conn. Col. Paul Revere was Chief of Ordinance, famous for his midnight ride shortly before. The whole force was quickly in readiness; entirely undisciplined, enthusiastic and in high spirits they appeared off the harbor of Castine the last of July. The English by working night and day, and impressing the service of the residents, had built Fort George on Castine Heights, cut away all the timber around it and planted many batteries, trenches, redoubts over the peninsula and islands. A brisk cannonade was exchanged with the British ships protected by the guns from the fort on the Heights above, and the Americans were repulsed in an attempt to land. At last they captured the enemies' works on Nautilus Island and trained the guns on the three British ships, Albany, North and Nautilus, forcing them further into the harbor and giving the Americans a better chance to land. NOTE. A canal had been cut across the isthmus of the peninsula on the North and a position of the enemies' ships and the forts on the Height prevented a landing on the South or East side. This canal is in existence to-day where the tide flows back and forth between the two bays on either side of Castine. The morning of the 28th of July was calm and foggy when 400 determined men stole through the mists in row boats and effected a landing at the base of the precipitous banks on the Northwest. A withering fire of musketry and canon met them in the face and one hundred fell in twenty minutes. NOTE. At the place of landing is a huge white boulder known as Trask's Rock, behind which the fifer boy Trask played while his comrades made the ascent. It was earlier called Hinckley's Rock after a brave captain who is said to have climbed upon, it to cheer his men and is said to have been shot upon that rock. The heroic dead were buried just above this rock among the trees. The ascent at the place of landing was found altogether impracticable. The troops divided into three parts. The right and left wings sought bet- ter places of ascent while the heroic center distracted the British above with an incessant fire of musketry. The right pressed hard on the British left and tured the battery on the Height but the left closed in too soon giving them a nance leaving thirty dead. This foothold SO dearly bought with was pushed forward from tree to tree and from rock to rdian style where individual work counted against the dis- olley firing of the British. is no doubt whatever but that this was a very daring assault, and had the 11 succeeded this attack would have been one of the most brilliant achieve- tionary war. Their final defeat, however, obliterated all recollection of ins ought their way to within several hundred yards of the fort GEN. KNOX tunnelling and were ready to storm the fort. But Commodore THE netal refused to allow the assault. He had been twenty-one days REVOLUTIONARY ring ab out the mouth of the harbor with a far superior force and lacked HERO FROM MAINE FORT GEORGE courage to plunge in upon the British. His officers begged him to order an assault on land and water. Then came the order to retreat. The naval squadron from Halifax to re-enforce the British, was standing up the bay. There was nothing but retreat for the Americans before this vastly superior fleet. All of the twenty- four transports and nineteen war vessels of the Americans hastily escaped up the Penobscot River. A few tried to sail to the open, but had to blow themselves up to prevent capture. The rest were all run ashore and set afire between Castine and Hampden Narrows. The Sky-Rocket who blew herself up at Fort Point, drifted across the river to Morse's Cove, where her timbers can be seen to this day. The soldiers made their way home over-land through the woods after many hardships. The whole blame undoubtedly lies upon Commodore Salton- stall, who was popularly charged with having been bought by British gold. He was tried and subsequently court-martialed. In I757 Governor Pownal of Massachusetts seeing the need of a garrison in the vicinity of the Peninsula, himself personally, laid out the fortifications of Fort Pownal at Fort Point; a rocky promontory at the mouth of the river. This was used as a trading station and was also garrisoned with soldiers until the appearance of the British fleet when the Americans burned it to prevent POWNAL capture. * *NOTE. Governor Pownal visited the site of Castine's settlement and several other sites of old French villages. He remarked how unfortunate that such a beautiful situation should be abandoned. Probably no other spot in America has seen the broil and strife as Castine. THE WAR OF 1812 IN MAINE T HE impressment of the American seamen by the British precipitated the War of I8I2. An English fleet of twelve ships-of-war and ten transport's with 3500 men embarked at Castine, and peacefully took Fort George. Fort Porter and Fort George in possession of the Americans after the Revolution, seeing he formidable appearance of this fleet at once discharged their guns in the air, blew up their magazines and fled up the bay. The English at once repaired the forts and seized the Court House, Custom House and barracks and erected num- erous batteries and a block-house as a look-out at the northwest of the Peninsula. They soon sent detachments up the river and succeeded in capturing the towns of Bucksport, Frankfort, Hampden and Bangor. They foraged throughout the country and seized quantities of cattle and six vessels; one of this number was the Polly, now a coaster which may be seen any day in summer drifting lazily back and forth in the bay. She is the oldest vessel in operation to-day. THE NEW TURBINE STEAMER Gov. COBB H ERO worship has always been the foundation stone on which has been built the great traditions of primitive people. The great demigods of legendary lore is generally woven about a mythical personality, having a humble beginning but expanding to wonderful proportions from age to age in perfect ratio to the evolution of the human brain. They are at once both beautifully poetic and absurd. Longfellow's "Hiawatha" is fundamentally concerning the great deeds of PRE-HISTORIC the Ojibway hero deity of Nanabozjo, but for poetic reasons he attributed them STONE CARVING all to the Iroquois statesman of comparatively modern times who conceived OF MAMMOTH the idea of the confederation of the Six Nations. The deeds of Klose-kom-beh, ATTACKING AN the great deity of the Wapanaki, or Maine Indians, are amazingly similar to INDIAN CAMP those of Nanabozjo of the Lake Superior Ojibways, which is another link WITH LIGHT- in the chain of evidence that the Wapanaki migrated from the Great Lakes region NING AIDING to the Adirondacks, and from there were driven eastward by the Iroquois across THEM AS IN the Connecticut, through the central part of Massachusetts, where they were LEGEND. called Nipmucks, and always spreading eastward, settled on the Merrimac, Piscataquois, Saco, Androscoggin, Kennebec, Penobscot and St. John Rivers. This being is called Klose-cap among the Malecet and Passamaquoddy Indians, and his deeds are somewhat different, although both tribes sprang from the Tarra- tines at Oldtown Island in the Penobscot. The wondrous works of these hero deities seem to have been to clear the earth of all obstructions, subdue and make small all the gigantic animals and reptiles that existed in that early age SO that man could live in peace. Thus spake the Great Spirit to his children, "I have given the earth four seeds, and from them have sprung man, beast, fish and fowl. I have given great power and strength to them all except man; but this I will change. Behold, Klose-kom- beh, my spirit has gone forth to warn those in power that at the bidding of man he shall acknowledge him chief. Power is sweet, and all will struggle for it. The beasts, fowls and fishes will seek your lives in revenge; therefore only meet them as enemies until the change has been made. Great will be the period when the power shall have changed from beast to man, but greater and more terrible will it be when the power changes from man to man. Then the Great Father continuing with a sad voice said, "Harken, O my chil- dren, you will be kings of the earth; moose, deer, caribou, and salmon will come at your bidding, but the jealous, selfish and vengeful spirit will be born amongst you, therefore, heed my chiding and live together as brothers. I will send unto you Iotar-mur-wa-zeh and Skar-moo-nal, tobacco and corn, the repose of mind and body. The first work of Klose-kom-beh on the earth was the destruction of Par- sar-do-kep-piart the Mammoth. He was very reluctant to heed the call of the spirit and roared defiance with his great lip and shook his great head in the air. His back was the shape of the half-moon and his hair stood on end like the dead trees on the mountain-top. Wild in rage he answered Klose-kom-beh, 'An enemy I have always been to man; his weapons cannot scath my skin. Woe unto them that I reach with my lip; I will dash them against my teeth till they are seven deep!" The spirit answered, "Your pride in thickness of skin and depth of flesh is end you must fall as a lesson famy children, who in all ages will stand and aze on your bones." Klose-kom-beh called upon the Great Father bow and flint arrow was his only weapon. A great black cloud eloped the ion, the lightning rent Par-sar-do-kep-piart and the thunder was nowls. good Catholics, but are still believers in the old traditions, SO in conse- nism are sometimes sadly mixed. The writer, in collecting material ges, was told by him after he had related many heroic deeds of Keose- oth, hugh reptiles, etc., that he was becoming a bit sceptical of lat be- of then, but when the writer in all seriousness told of unearthed mammoth and Siberia and of the fossil remains of the Pterodactyle, flying dragons, great undian at once listened intently and professed his faith in the great tradition. al es a priest a haunch of venison he warns him with great emphasis not to let a dog Done, as it will incur the wrath of the god of hunting, whereupon the good Priest will chide his paganism. 10 ah THUS SPAKE THE GREAT SPIRIT: "OH, My CHILDREN, My FOOR CHILDREN." Thus Gosnold, 1602, and Weymouth, 1605, found the natives a light swathy color, some with bearded faces, skilled in the art of whale killing and deep sea fishing. They had large wooden shallops with masts, sails and graple; two edged iron swords and spears. Some had European cloths of seamen fashion. Many native words are supposed to be of Norse origin. Sachem, Sagamore, Sok-gam and Sok-atian, Sokalexis, Sokabesin, the former three meaning chief and the latter chiefs. Names all contain the root sound of the Norse word Sok, signifying Prince. Their very name Wapan-aki, given to them by the Ojibways, can be translated white or light people those of the rising sun or easterners. The French spelling Abenaki of the St. Francis band is generally taken to mean Point du Jour. This name may reflect the coming and mingling of the white Norsemen. There are several instances in the chronicles of the early explorers which tell of white people on the shores of New England to whom they could not talk. At the Indian-Norse creation Glos-cap the good mind and Malsom the wolf or evil principle, both twin giants, were born of Nokomi, the mother earth. But Malsom killed his mother by forcing himself through her sides or arm-pits and Glos-cap to avenge her death fought many mighty battles with the evil one to his death. This is exactly like the Norse except both giants were born the unnatural way. Glos-cap then created man from the ash tree and the dwarfs, goblins and wood and water fairies from the bark. This also is Norse, the mythology of our own ancestors. Then he rid the earth of great forest obstruction and killed and diminished in size all evil reptiles and animals SO his red children could live in peace. The pure Penobscot myth of the creation is much more beautiful than the above gruesome Indian-Norse. Klose-kom-beh after preparing the earth for the red race to come met an old woman bowed down with great age who called him Noo-sus (grandson). She was Nok-a-mi the No-ko-mis of Hiawatha, the earthly mother who nourishes all animal life. "I am ages old, yet when the sun shone, warm on the dew of the rock I sprang to this form, I will be your grandmother and will keep your lodge and will prepare the food and comfort of your children to come." On the morrow a youth appears to Klose-kom-beh who called him Nas-sar-sis, (my mother's brother). He had all the bloom and perfection of nature and owed his existence to the warmth of the sun on the foam of the waters. The winds of the Heavens carried him to the lands and told him to go forth to find his bride who should be born of the bloom of the plants. And yet another morrow brought a beauteous maiden with all the color of life on her brow, who greeted all with downcast eyes. Ni-jin-duke (my children) Klose-kom-beh named her Nee-gor- oose, (mother of men). Then Klos-kom-beh joined in wedlock the youth to the maid. "I am love" said she, "which I give forever to you my husband, and if you grant my wish all the world will love me, even the beasts. I am gentle and tender, yet I am of great power and woe to the man who does not keep it pure. I sprang from the beautiful flower of the plant of the earth. The dew of the morning and evening fell as the seed in its perfumed bud and the sun warmeth the dew and brought life and behold I am she." Then Klose-kom-beh called to the lightening spirit to smite the dead- wood tree that they may have fire to prepare flesh for food and with the aid of c-ka-mi em to eat nuts, fruits and roots and drink of the water of life iTC Thus began the red man's world and great peace and for many seasons. 'T' THE FIRST WINTER, FAMINE AND DISEASE. generations after the Indian creation, want, cold and sickness town. It was like the golden age of the Bible legend before the vi the race, symbolized in the story of Adam and Eve. The scar were to come to the Indian paradise by the visit of the spirit of the North wind. The Indians were fore-warned of this first winter of seven ard tell it in this way' A strange boy came among them, gaunt and hungry, but would eat none of their abundance of food. In the solitude of night he vanished; later in the same mysterious manner he came back, his eyes hollow and glaring with hunger. He fanned up the few remaining embers and brought forth a little piece of meat on a pouch he carried on his breast, and roasted it on a forked stick and devoured it ravenously. The good father of the family who had given him shelter in the wigwam, being awakened, questioned the boy, to find it was a little tongue. In the morning the wailings of mothers were heard throughout the village. A little boy was dead with his mouth filled with blood. It was the first natural death, other than the human prey of devouring animals. This strange deed of roasting human tongues the boy repeated several times. The people who had never taken human life killed the boy and threw his flesh to the fishes. The next night, however, he was seen to roast another tongue with a conse- quential death of another boy. Then the infuriated mothers burned that boy and threw his ashes to the four winds, and yet again he appeared at midnight, wild and frenzied, and devoured yet another tongue; SO the people to appease his evil spirit made to him fine presents and begged him to cease. He then told that he was the son of the North wind and had come to warn and save the people and that by the seven tongues he had eaten was the sign that there would be seven years of plenty and then seven years winter, famine and sickness. He taught them to secure protection for their bodies from the furs of animals and to store corn in hollow logs and for medicinal herbs for the sickness to come he would give them seeds in this way. He chose seven virgins to attend him and lay him on his side in a fertile spot for seven moons. He must be kept still. To this end he began with the right hand to take all the bones from his body and give to them for safe keeping. He was thus called No-che-gar-neh (bone handler). Through the wearisome nights the faithful virgins guarded him and at the appointed time, rolled him over to find the herbs sprouting. Then he came out of his trance and asked seven virtuous young men to keep up the vigil for seven more moons and those that were faithful received the arts of shaving flinten weapons for hunting and killing the devouring beasts, of trapping, snaring, fishing and of courage to death. When the trial was over the faithful youths brought the bones to No-che-gar-neh. They trembled and were afflicted by trance that they knew not each other and rose above the air, saw vision mists er the water and snow and ice over the lands. They connnuned with the spirits of all things and obtained great wisdom and spiritual power. They learned the use of song for the calling of spirits. THE GREAT SPIRIT GIVES CORN AND TOBACCO TO HIS RED CHILDREN FOR REPOSE OF MIND AND BODY I days primeval a famine dire came unto the red Indian paradise. The waters of the lakes and rivers disappeared. Gone was fish and game. For other than the flesh and blood of his brother animals to eat prayed the Indian in great distress. The magicians of the tribe practiced all their wizard arts in vain. Soon a virgin maiden appeared resplendant in beauty with torrents of black hair which hung as a cloak over her figure nude. The young men forgot their hunger and were charmed by this beautiful creature Her black eyes burning with pa attracted one of the India yo who gave her wampum in After three days of came over the young brid and cloudy. In the quiet would leave the wigwam a dawn. So one night the SUNSET OVER PENOBSCOT BAY. husband followed her in the ghost-like walk to discover what might be the bane to break this awful spell. Through the forest dark unto the barren river bed he chased the nymph divine. When as she crossed the barren waste her doleful song pealed forth like as a loon on lonesome, foggy nights. She disappeared into the forest and the young man was SO heartbroken that he could not follow her further and sat down on the shore with longing eyes on the spot where she had disappeared. It was not long before he heard the forest echo with a weird song like to the wailing of the wind; very soon she emerged from the woods on the opposite bank. She was deliriously happy and the woods rang with the music of her laughter. As her form appeared upon the beach a strange object hanging to her ankle which resembled a snake, he noticed from the distance. Like a lightning bolt the young Indian sprang to her assistance, but hardly before he had jumped from his concealment a strange thing happened. The water bubbled up beneath her tread, the river was full of jumping fish, the deer and moose came down to drink. She seemed to know that he was looking at her and immediately swam across the river towards him. As she waded up the shallow water to the beach with wide open arms to greet him the young Indian rushed to receive her, but just before they met the young man noticed a long green leaf tied to her ankle which he had mistaken for a snake had fallen off and immediately the spell was changed. The river dried up, the fish disappeared, and the forests became deserted. His young wife who but a moment ago was more resplendent in beauty than ever turned her back and refused his embrace. She sat down on a rock her long hair completely covering her. The young Indian, wild with passion and grief laid himself at her feet and implored her to explain the wonderful change. He would give his life to do her bidding whatever the con- sequence. Then she turned around and threw her long hair back saying, "My dear boy, I am the daughter of the Great Spirit and was sent here to save your people from the great calamity that is before them. Kill my body with a stone axe and drag it around an open space in the forest until the flesh is worn away from the bones, then bury the skeleton in the center. This is the salvation of your people." Such a cruel deed the young Indian could not do. He would suffer endless torture, but he could not take the life of SO beautiful a creature, his pledge was as naught. But he led her back to the village and called a counsel of the young men who were in power; even they could not agree to any such deed. Then the old men assembled in counsel and agreed in view of this strange appearance of plenty and the wish of the girl, to let the husband shoot a flint headed arrow over his shoulder and allow the daughter of the Great Spirit to place herself in front of the weapon. She died like a brave, with never a murmur and he in great sorrow dragged her lifeless body over the cruel ground which tore off her flesh and mutilated her form divine. Then he buried her remaining bones as she had bid him. He was SO affected with lonesomeness and grief that he could not leave the grave of his loved one. By fire at night he kept off the Evil Spirits. At last he was SO weak and nigh unto death he had to crawl on his hands and knees to replenish the fire, but at last her body began to rise in the form of little green stalks which bore Indian Corn in great profusion. The people had never seen it and it was. Some tasted it and found it good to eat. It drove way suffering, the people were content, waxed fat and strong, but bore no fruit, this the people thought they would smoke illow bark. They found that after they had eaten corn if it made them glad at heart. They named it to-ma-wae. sent his children te-moo-nal (corn) and to-ma-wae (tobacco,) and body. singularly analagous this corn story is to that of Christ, who was sent by the ve us mortals from the great calamity of sin. THE MYTHOLOGICAL SECRET OF MT. KINEO ygone times Mt. Kineo became enamoured of a certain Indian Maiden, the rest of the tribe. He bedecked himself in his brightest Autumnal colors painted his face in the red tinges of the morning sun. Of truth, no war- was SO proud nor held his head SO high. His war bonnet was of a snow- white cloud, Now the maiden, picking berries wet with dew, observed his mighty mien and being lonely in the forest by herself, glanced shyly at him with enraptured gaze. She wished the mountain a man might be, and take her for his own. Whereupon the noble Kineo disclosed himself and drew her to his arms. She C. eld not resist his em- brace. Many happy moons passed by till she bore a sturdy son. Now the boy strange gifts nossessed and his noble brow was of the felsite stone. Far into the future looked Kineo with magic eyes - saw the doom of the red man's race and wished that his son their king might be and lead them on to victory. But the secret of his birth he chided the maid to none to tell, but simply to accept, if they would be led the conquerors of the world. The illustrious boy had but to point his finger and the giant moose would drop dead, or if in a birch canoe, a flock of wild duck or swans would cover the water with floating game to be gathered in at will; SO the Indians one and all had food to spare. Now the wise men said he was to become a mighty magician and marvelled as to who might be his sire. Then the maiden made it known that she would not be questioned and grieved with impertinence, but they could not restrain themselves from talking to her on what they knew she would fain be silent. At last, on being angered, she thought truly Kineo was right. These people are nowise worthy of my son. He shall not lead them to victory; they are not of those who make a great nation. She spake and said, "Ye fools, who by your own folly will kill yourselves; ye mudwasps, who sting the fingers which pick ye out of the water, why will ye trouble me to tell you what you know well? Behold his eyebrows, do ye not know Kineo by them, the flint of his body that from which he taught ye to chip spears? From this day ye shall feed yourselves. This child shall do no more for you. Then she left the Indian village, with her little son, went through the forest and up the mountain where the noble- minded Kineo took them with great grief within his stony buxom breast. He still fights his battles in the clouds with the evil storm Spirits, but is forever mourning the downfall of the Indian race.* NOTE. I was told the most of this interesting legend by the Pe- nobscot Chief "Big Thunder" whose sketch with distant and watery eyes, I took at the time, (1899). The chief lamented the cond tion of his people, but attributed it all to the fiery CHIEF water, the white man's curse. Nowhere in the States or Canada is liquor of the 'BIG vilest sort dealt out more freely to the Indians than in Oldtown across the THUNDER." river from their island home where there are left scarcely 500 souls. And another Indian, his friend, and for no other cause than liquor. It broke the old Maine is a prohibition state. His son Peter was murdered two years ago yet by chief's heart and he died. In the summer of 1899, he made himself an old-time birch canoe, sewed with roots and without a nail, with deer skin costume and birch to wigwam, to paddle all the way to Washington to plead with President McKinley eggs fish, made his fires with friction sticks, etc. The old man's strength save and his people. He journeyed in true ancient fashion, ate nothing but gulls' out He before he was half way down the New England coast and he tn back. gave was nearly ninety years of age. He had lectured be: Indian life and antiquities, guided for doctors to semi-hostil on west who were stricken with a plague. ( Torth- This extraordinary legend was related to Mr. Charle a Penobscot woman and was attributed to Mt. Katahdin of the evil night wind. But as Pamola is never in legen man, it is more than probable that Kineo is the real hero of The Reverend Eugene Vetromile has it in his collection of HE ISLAND HOME OF THE PENOB- SCOT TRIBE OF INDIANS ABOVE BANGOR. THERE ARE ABOUT 600 SOULS LEFT. IN 1514 THERE WERE 30,000 INDIANS IN MAINE. THE NEW BRUNSWICK MONARCH IN HIF ATIVE BOG REACHED BY THE ST. JOHN as Mt. Katahdin al- SO and makes the following remarks: It gives the fall of man from a pure Indian standpoint and of the sin which destroyed the race. It is, of course, a super- stitious tale made up by the prolific maids of some Indians yet we can perceive in it some vestiges of the fall of man in having transgressed the command of God and how it could be repaired by God alone. We can also trace some of the mystery of the incarnation of the Son of God in the womb of the Virgin Mary mixed with fables, superstitious and pagan errors. The appearance of God to Moses in the burning bush may be glimpsed in Pamola appearing to an Indian on Mt. Katahdin and SO forth. Personally, my belief, after talking with many Indians from Maine to Nova Scotia, Cape Breton and Newfoundland, is that the Indian's idea of one great Spirit has come down to them from the early teachings of the French missionaries 300 years ago. Their ancient beliefs were in the many spirits associated with every great thing in nature and of the corresponding duality of evil ones. It was as important to appease one as to worship the other, which was done every new moon. There are many beautiful Indian myths mixed with the Christian story of the Saviour and Virgin Mary and blended in a weird and poetical manner. Perhaps the most striking is the legend of the coming of corn and tobacco to the Penob- scots. There is always the youth or the virgin girl sent to the Indians to be wil- lingly put to death that they may be saved from some great calamity. With the Christia was of a higher moral nature, but with them in the corn story it was of the evil pangs of famine. Hiawatha praying for other than the flesh of his brother animals for food fasted and wrestled a youth (Mandarmin) for seven days and as his strength and faith held out strangled the youth HOW MOOSE AND MARTEN MARRIED FAIRY WIVES. 'A Passamaquoddy Legend.) F AR back in the forest by a brook dwelt two young men, Abistamoock the Marten and Team the Moose. Now it befell Marten that one day he came to a distant lonely lake in the mountains. Yet there, stepping softly behind a rock hung with grape-vines he heard laughing, and splashing and the pleasant sound of girlish voices. So peeping carefully he saw many maids merrily bathing in the lake: and these were of the fairy race who dwell in caves and near the waters, and keep away from mankind called Mikumwess. Seeing their gar- ments lying on the shore and beholding among the damsels one whom he desired to obtain, Marten quietly slipped along unseen, as all of his species do, and stole their clothing. For being tinctured with magic and learned in the lore of all kinds of goblins, elves and witches, Master Marten knew that when Naiads were naked and a man had their garments he holds them at his mercy. He das the woods and all the fairy maids chased with great ra through heir robes. But the one whom he most desired, outstripper proached him he gave her a light love tap on the head to a certain ancient custom of Fairyland which makes Now Moose, who was a good soul, coming home married and wished also for a wife. So he went to the the vine covered rocks. He, too, beheld the virgins and mischieving merrily, like mad minxes in the water; a rage, as it were, caught up their clothing and ran. She outran the rest and caught up with him, and being resolve oughly, grappled up a great club and gave her a bang on ONE OF MAINE'S FAMOUS LANDLOCKED SALMON, stunned her indeed, and forever, inasmuch as she was slain outright. So Big Moose was always unfortunate in his love affairs and could get none of the mountain maids. Now Marten finding that his wife yearned for the society of her sisters, offered to take yet another of them in marriage, merely to oblige his wife; for in such a kind benevolence he was one of the best souls ever lived, and rather than have trouble in the family he would have wedded all the pretty girls in the forest. So going to the mountain pond he captured yet another fairy wife. Now Moose took this decidedly to heart, and willed that Marten should give him his last spouse, to which Marten would in nowise agree and there arose a deadly conflict. Now the fairy wives not being accustomed to this kind of intimacy fled afar to seek new fortune, and it came to pass that when the two brides lay in the opening of the forest and Bunole, the Spirit of Night, was heard on high, they wished they might be married to the stars; then they fell asleep. In the night they awoke to find two noble warriors with yellow war paint lying by their sides and indeed their wish came true. But they were fickle maids and soon grew a-weary of their celestial husbands. So when they were away the wives turned over a large flat stone they had been told not to touch and they gazed through the opening upon the earth, for it was the sky itself, and below them was the world with all its woods and rivers. Now the two noble stars took pity on such fidgety damsels as their wives, took them in their arms, dropped down through the hole in the sky leaving a trail of fire behind them and left them quickly in a hemlock tree-top where the fairy maids cried all night for someone to take them down. In the morning, Moose and Marten they beheld beneath the tree, who scorned to take them down. They said it was their mating season and they had their own dear wives. Next they saw the Bear to whom they offered themselves in marriage if he would but take them from their lofty nest but he also regretted that he had been married in the spring, and that one wife was enough for any man, besides it was not becom- ing for animals to wed out of their own kind. Then came Lox the Indian Devil SO the fairy wives offered themselves in mar- riage, but he the Mischief Maker of the Forests teased them, and learning that they had travelled from earth to heaven in changing husbands, thought these fair minevers were learning rapidly. Now Lox being a good climber took the maidens down, squeezing them not a little on their way, but they, being wiley tangled their hairstring among the branches and begged Lox to go back for it and that they would prepare a bridal bower for his coming. Now these fairies had certain sworn friends among the Thorns, Burrs, Briars, Hornets and besides the Ants, SO when Lox untied the hairstring which had taken an entire day he came to the bridal bed his wives had prepared for him, but being a bare-breeched Indian he could not stand the torture, SO he roared aloud, and plunged furiously through the darkness which ended his honeymoon. After this these water maids could find no willing suitor throughout the forest and and many times repented for their fickle ways. HE CHENOO, OR THE CANNIBAL GIANT WITH THE ICY HEART. (Micmac and Passamaquoddy) Indian with his wife and son one autumn day went to hunt where they built a wigwam. ANCIENT INDIAN INSCRIPTION AT MACHIASPORT. Consolidated Steamship Lines. EASTERN STEAMSHIP COMPANY (Continued). PORTLAND, ROCKLAND, MACHIAS DIVISION-Between Portland and Rockland via Boothbay Harbor and other inter- mediate landings, Passenger and Freight. Between Portland and Jonesport via Rockland and Bar Harbor; Passenger and Freight. BCOTHBAY DIVISION-Between Bath and Boothbay, Pemaquid, and various points on Sheepscot Bay; Passenger and Freight. MOUNT DESERT AND BLUE HILL DIVISION-Between Rockland and Bar Harbor landing at various points on Penobscot Bay; Passenger and Freight. INTERNATIONAL DIVISION-Between Boston and St. John, N. B., via Portland, Lubec and Eastport; Passenger and Freight. METROPOLITAN STEAMSHIP COMPANY. BETWEEN NEW YORK AND BOSTON-Freight service has been operated by this company for the past fifty (50) years. Passenger Service will be inaugurated on or about June ist, 1907. Steamers will leave Pier 45 North River, foot of West Tenth Street at 5.00 P. M., due Boston at 8.00 A. M. the following day. The same schedule will be operated in the opposite direction. S MILEAGE. m. ht. HUDSON RIVER LINES-Peoples Line I43 be Citizens Line CLYDE Lines-New York Division 149 292 1,420 S wife Boston Division 1,068 Philadelphia Division magic 475 crying West India Division 1,900 St. Johns River Division MALLORY Lines-Texas Division 175 5,0 Mobile Division 2,225 1,920 Georgia Division METROPOLITAN LINES-New York and Boston QI4 EASTERN STEAMSHIP Lines-Portland Division Kennebec Division Bangor Division Portland-Rockland Division Boothbay Division International Division Total Mileage CONSOLIDATED STEAMSHIP LINE CALVIN AUSTIN, President, 43 Exchange Place, New York City. O. H. TAYLOR, Passenger Traffic Manager, C. C. BROWN, General Passenger Agent, 290 Broadway, New rving City.