FA mis Romell 1. A SELECTED LIST OF THE FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS OF MOUNT DESERT ISLAND AND VICINITY. by Edgar T. Wherry. In response to numerous requests for a list of the higher plants of the Mount Desert Island region, the following has been prepared, based on the "Flora of Mount Desert Island, Maine", by Rand and Redfield (Cambridge, 1894; now out of print), with some additions and corrections, and with the plants arranged in accordance with modern manuals of botany. As this list is intended primarily for the amateur rather than the professional botanist, common names are given first for all the species included. These are in large part taken from "Standardized Plant Names", (Salem, 1923), although names which are in actual use in the region are substituted in some cases. These are followed by the technical names preferred by the writer, to- gether with alternative technical names when such are in wide use, spellings being modified in accordance with the recommendations in Standardized Plant Names. In groups where the recognition of in- dividual members requires considerable technical experience such as the gresses, sedges, willows, etc., as well as in those comprising unattractive weeds, the individual species are not in general enumerated. This list is preliminary, and information as to the occurrence in the region of additional species will be welcome, and will be included in an illustrated 100-page booklet which is in preparation, giving descriptive notes and data on the habitats of the plants. This is to be published as soon as funds are available. THIS LIST COMPILED BY Dr. EDGAR T. WHERRY IS ISSUED TO THE MEMBERS OF THE GARDEN CLUB OF AMERICA BY THE HORTICULTURAL COMMITTEE THROUGH THE MUCH APPRECIATED COURTESY OF ACADIA NATIONAL PARK. 2. SPORE-PLANTS: FERNS AND THEIR ALLIES (PTERIDOPHYTA). FERNS; spores borne in cases on backs of fronds. Bracken group; spore-cases borne in marginal strips. Bracken Pteridium aquilinum latiusculum or "Pteris aquilina". Spleenwort group; spore-cases borne in strips along veins. Chainfern Woodwardia virginica or Anchistea virginica. Rock-maidenhair. Asplenium trichomanes. Lady Fern. (upland species) Athyrium filixfemina angustum or "Asplenium filixfemina". Redstem Lady Fern. Asplenium angustum rubellum; also others. Woodfern group; spore-cases borne in large round fruit-dots. Rockcap Fern. Polypodium virginianum or "Polypodium vulgare". Toothed Rockcap Fern. Polypodium virginianum bipinnatifidum. (Mount Desert Island is the type locality for this form) Sharplobe Rockcap Fern. Polypodium virginianum acuminatum. Triangle Rockcap Fern. Polypodium virginianum deltoideum. Christmas Fern. Polystichum acrostichoides. Toothed Christmas Fern. Polystichum acrostichoides incisum. Spearhead Fern. Phegopteris polypodioides. "Narrow Beechfern". Triangle Fern. Phegopteris dryopteris. "Oakfern". Marshfern. Thelypteris palustris or "Aspidium thelypteris" Tapering Fern. Thelypteris noveboracensis. "New York Fern". Margined Woodfern. Dryopteris marginalis or "Aspidium marginale." Swamp Woodfern. Dryopteris cristata or "Aspidium cristatum. Broad Swamp Woodfern. Dryopteris clintoniana or 11 clint. Hybrid Swamp Woodfern. Dryopteris cristata X marginalis. Evergreen Woodfern. Dryopteris intermedia or "Aspid. spin. inter." Toothed Woodfern. Dryopteris spinulosa or "Aspidium spinulosum. Narrow Woodfern. Dryopteris bootti or "Aspidium boottii". Broad Woodfern. Dryopteris spinulosa americana or "Aspid. spin. dil Cliff-fern group; spore-cases borne in small round fruit-dots surrounded by more or less cup-shaped ind Brittle Fern. Cystopteris fragilis, Hay-scented Fern. Dennstedtia punctilobula or "Dicksonia punct.' Rusty Cliff-fern. Woodsia ilvensis. Beadfern group; spore-cases borne on pinnules rolled into bead Beadfern. Onoclea sensibilis. "Sensitive Fern." FLOWERING-FERNS; spores borne in stalked globular cases on contracted fronds or portions of fronds. Royal Fern. Osmunda regalis spectabilis. Cinnamon Fern. Osmunda cinnamomea. Interrupted Fern. Osmunda claytoniana. GRAPEFERNS; spores borne in globular cases somewhat resem- bling bunches of grapes. Adderstongue. Ophioglossum vulgatum. Dwarf Grapefern. Botrychium simplex. Daisy-leaf Grapefern. Botrychium ramosum or B. matricariaefolium. Triangle Grapefern. Botrychium obliquum. Cutleaf Grapefern. Botrychium dissectum. Thickleaf Grapefern. Botrychium ternatum intermedium. Rattlesnake Fern. Botrychium virginianum. 3. HORSETAILS; spores borne under shield-shaped scales in cones. Common Horsetail. Equisetum arvense. Plumy Horsetail. Equisetum sylvaticum pauciramosum. Pipes. Equisetum limosum or E. fluviatile. CLUBMOSSES; spores borne in globular cases in leaf-axils. Rock Staghorn=moss. Lycopodium selago. Wood Staghorn=moss. Lycopodium lucidulum. Bog Snake-moss. Lycopodium inundatum. Slender Bog Snake-moss. Lycopodium inundatum bigelovi. Interrupted Club-moss. Lycopodium annotinum. Wood Snake=moss. Lycopodium clavatum. Flatbranch Groundpine. Lycopodium obscurum. Roundbranch Groundpine. Lycopodium obscurum dendroideum. Roundbranch Groundcedar. Lycopdium tristachyum. Flatbranch Groundcedar. Lycopodium complanatum. Crowfoot-moss. Lycopodium flabelliforme. DWARF CLUBMOSSES; spores of two kinds, in axillary cases. Rock Dwarf Clubmoss. Selaginella rupestris. QUILLWORTS; spores of two kinds, in leaf-bases. Quillwort. Isoetes, species (separable only by specialists). . SEED-PLANTS: SPERMATOPHYTA, CONIFERS AND THEIR ALLIES: GYMNOSPERMAE; seeds naked. Yew group; seeds single, covered with red pulp. Groundhemlock. Taxus canadensis. Pine group; seeds numerous, in large, woody, cones. White Pine. Pinus strobus. Red Pine. Pinus resinosa. Pitch Pine. Pinus rigida. Jack Pine. Pinus banksiana. Tamarack. Larix laricina. (American Larch) Black Spruce. Picea rubens or Picea rubra. (Red spruce). White Spruce. Picea glauca or Picea canadensis. Balsam Fir. Abies balsamea. Hemlock. Tsuga canadensis. Cedar Group; seeds several, in small woody or berry-like cones Whitecedar. Thuja occidentalis. (American Arborvitae) Mat-juniper. Juniperus communis depressa. Dwarf-juniper. Juniperus communis montana. Creeping Juniper. Juniperus horizontalis. 4. FLOWERING PLANTS: ANGIOSPERMAE; seeds in pods, berries, etc. Monocots: Monocotyledonaes Plants with one seed-leaf, usually parallel-veined leaves, and mostly 3 or 6-parted fls Cat-tail group; flowers incomplete in close spikes or hds Cat-tail. Typha latifolia. Bur-reeds. Sparganium, species. Arrowhead group; flowers more or less complete, in spikes, mostly not particularly showy. Pondweeds. Potamogeton, species. Arrowgrass. Triglochin maritima. Bog-arrowgrass. Scheuchzeria palustris americana. Arrowheads. Sagittaria, species. Grass group; flowers minute, without perianth, arranged in spikelets; leaves usually long and narrow. Grasses. Gramineae; not here separated. Sedges. Cyperaceae; only one genus separated: Hare-tail. Eriophorum callitrix. Tassel Cottongrass. Eriophorum viridicarinatum. Slender Cottongrass. Eriophorum gracile. Tawny Cottongrass. Eriophorum virginicum. Jack-in-the-pulpit group; flowers more or less complete, crowded on a spadix usually surrounded by a spathe. Northern Jack-in-the-pulpit. Arisaema triphyllum stewardsoni. Wild Calla. Calla palustris. Skunkcabbage. Spathyema foetida or Symplocarpus foetidus. Sweetflag. Acorus calamus. Yellow-eye group; flowers crowded in a head or spike, with more or less showy perianth. Hatpin. Eriocaulon septangulare or E. articulatum. Yellow-eye. Xyris montana. Pickerelweed. Pontederia cordata. Narrowleaf Pickerelweed. Pontederia cordata angustifolia. Lily group; flowers with a well-developed perianth, which is free from the ovary. Rushes. Juncus, species, and Luzula, species; not here separated. Orangecup Lily. Lilium philadelphicum. Nodding Lily. Lilium canadense. Daylily. Hemerocallis fulva. Troutlily. Erythronium americanum. Woodlily or Bluebead. Clintonia borealis. American False-hellebore. Veratrum virdie. Strawbells. Oakesia sessilifolia. Solomonseal. Polygonatum biflorum or Salmonia biflora. Rosybells. Streptopus roseus. Twistedstalk. Streptopus amplexifolius. Heartleaf Solomonplume. Maianthemum canadense or Unifolium can. Solomonplume. Smilacina racemosa or Vagnera racemosa. Starry Solomonplume. Smilacina stellata. Bog Solomonplume. Smilacina trifolia. Cucumber-root. Medeola virginiana. Painted-lady. Trillium undulatum or T. erythrocarpum. Bashful Benjamin. Trillium cernum. 5. Iris group; flowers with a regular perianth united to the OV. Blue-eyed-grass, Sisyrinchium angustifolium. Blueflag Iris. Iris versicolor. Arctic Iris. Iris setosa canadensis or Iris hookeri. Orchid group; flowers with an irregular perianth, united to OV Slipper-orchid subgroup; lip a large sac. Moccasinflower. Cypripedium acaule or Fissipes acaulis. Showy Ladyslipper. Cypripedium reginae or C. spectabile or hirsutum. Spurred-orchid sub-group; lip flat with a prominent basal spur. White Rein-orchid. Habenaria dilatata or Limnorchis dilatata. Green Rein-orchid. Habenaria hyberborea or Limnorchis hyperborea. Longspur Rein-orchid. Habenaria clavellata or Gymnadeniopsis cl. One-leaf Rein-orchid. Habenaria obtusata or Lysiella obtusata. Green-Round-leaf Orchid. Habenaria orbiculata or Lysias orbic. Yellow Round-leaf Orchid. Habenaria hookeri or Lysias hookeriana. Green Fringe-orchid. Habenaria lacera or Blephariglottis lacera. Purple Fringe=Orchid. Habenaria fimbriata or Blephariglottis grand. Lesser Purple Fringe=orchid. Habenaria psycodes. Crested-orchid sub-group; lip bearing prominent crests. Swamp-pink Orchid. Pogonia ophioglossoides. Bog-rose Orchid. Arethusa bulbosa. Grass-pink Orchid. Limodorum pulchellum or Calopogon pulchellus. Ladies-tresses sub-group; flowers in a twisted spike. Slender Ladies-tresses. Spiranthes gracilis or Ibidium gracile. Nodding Ladies-tresses. Spiranthes cernua or Ibidium cernum. Sweet Ladies-tresses. Spiranthes romanzoffiana or Ibidium strict. Rattlesnake-orchid sub-group; leaves evergreen white-striped. Dwarf Rattlesnake-orchid. Epipactis ophioides or Goodyera ophioides Downy Rattlesnake-orchid. Epipactis pubescens or Goodyera pubescens Twayblade sub-group; flowers small, spiked; leaves 1 or 2. Heartleaf Twayblade. Listera cordata or Ophrys cordata. Notch-lip Twayblade. Listera convallarioides or Ophrys conv. Yellow Twayblade. Liparis loeseli. One-blade Orchid. Malaxis unifolia or Microstylis unifolia. Coral-root sub-group; plants without leaves, and lacking green color; roots coralloid. Pale Coral-root. Corallorrhiza trifida. Spotted Coral-root. Corallorrhiza maculata. 6. Dicots: Dicotyledonae: plants with two seed-leaves, usually netted-veined leaves, and often 5-parted flowers. Free-petal division: Choripetalae; petals usually distinct. Dull-flowered subdivision; flowers without perianth, or with a rather inconspicuous one. Willow group; flowers without perianth, in catkins or cones. Pussy-willows. Salix discolor and about 8 other species. Willow-trees. Salix fragilis and about 2 others, introduced. Aspens. Populus tremuloides and 2 other species. Sweetgale. Myrica gale. Bayberry. Myrica caroliniensis. Sweetfern. Comptonia asplenifolia or Myrica asplenifolia. Birch group; flowers without perianth, in catkins; fruit (nut-like. Birches. Betula alba, B. lenta, and B. lutea. Hazelnut. Corylus rostrata. Green-alder. Alnus viridis mollis. Speckled Alder. Alnus incana. Beech. Fagus americana or Fagus grandifolia. Gray Oak. Quercus maxima or Quercus rubra. Scrub Oak. Quercus illicifolia. Elm group; flowers with greenish perianth, variously arranged. Elms and nettles; four or five species, not here separated. Smartweed group; weedy plants with greenish or pinkish fls. Smartweeds, docks, sorrels, buckwheats, etc., about 18 species. Orach. Atriplex patula hastata. Glasswort. Salicornia europaea. Gooseweeds, amaranths, and carpetweeds, about 10 species. Bright=flowered subdivision; flowers with conspicuous petals or in some cases with the sepals or stamena petaloid. Chickweed group; flowers with a usually showy 5-petalled corolla. Pinks and Catchflys, several species escaped from cultivation. Pink Sand-spurry. Spergularia rubra. White marsh-spurry. Spergularia canadensis. Pink Marsh-spurry. Spergularia marina. Spurrys, 2-3 inconspicuous species of Spergula and Sagina. Broadleaf Sandwort. Arenaria lateriflora or Moehringia lateriflora, Mountain Sandwort. Arenaria groenlandica. Dull-flower Stitchwort. Stellaria borealis. Bog Stitchwort. Stellaria uliginosa. Thickleaf Stitchwort. Stellaria humifusa. Longleaf Stitchwort. Stellaria longifolia. Grassleaf Stitchwort. Stellaria graminea. Starry Cerastium. Cerastium arvense. Purslane group; resembling the Chickweeds but with only 2 calyx-lobes. Purslane. Portulaca oleracea (introduced weed) Blinking-chickweed or Blinks. Montia fontana. 7. Waterlily group; aquatic plants with showy flowers and com- pound fruits. Spatterdock. Nymphozanthus advenus or Nuphar advena. Waterlily. Nymphaea odorata or Castalia odorata. Watershield. Brasenia schreberi. Buttercup group; herbs with few-petalled or apetalous flowers having numerous stamens and separate pistils. Salt-marsh Buttercup. Ranunculus cymbalaria. Spearleaf Buttercup. Ranunculus reptans or Ranunculus flammula. Creeping Buttercup. Ranunculus repens. Field Buttercup. Ranunculus acris. (Introduced weed). Bulbous Buttercup. Ranunculus bulbosus. ( 11 11 ) Dull-flowered Crowfoot. Ranunculus abortivus. Hairy Crowfoot. Ranunculus recurvatus. Meadowrue. Thalictrum polygamum. American Wood Anemone. Anemone quinquefolia. Clematis group; vines with 4-sepalled white flowers and feather-tailed seed-pods. Clematis. Clematis virginiana. (Virgins=bower) Columbine group; like the buttercup group, but with the pistils several-seeded. Goldthread. Coptis trifolia. Columbine. Aquilegia canadensis. Baneberry. Actaea alba. Barberry group; shrubs with few-petalled flowers having few stamens and berry-fruits. European Barberry. Berberis vulgaris. Japanese Barberry. Berberis thunbergi. Fumitory group; annual or biennial herbs with dissected leaves and irregular tubular spurred flowers. American Rock=funitory. Corydalis sempervirens or Capnoides semp. European Fumitory. Fumaria officinalis. (Fumeroots) Cress group; herbs with pungent juice and regular 4-petalled flowers having 6 stamens and 2-celled pods. Mustards, etc. 6 or 7 weedy species. Rocket. Hesperis matronalis. (Escaped from cultivation). Sea-rocket. Cakile edentula. Marsh-cress. Roripa palustris or Radicula palustris. Bitter-cress. Cardamine pennsylvanica; also other species. Pitcherplant group; bog plants which catch and digest insects. Narrowleaf Sundew. Drosera intermedia or D. longifolia. Roundleaf Sundew. Drosera rotundifolia. Pitcherplant. Sarracenia rubra. 8. Stonecrop group; succulent herbs with the flower-parts all in 4's or 5's, the pistils separate. Goldmoss. Sedum acre (escaped from cultivation) Live-forever. Sedum triphyllum or S. purpureum. 1111 Roseroot. Sedum roseum or Rhodiola rosea. Saxifrage group; small herbs with 5-parted flowers but 2 separate pistils. Saxifrage. Saxifraga virginiensis. Dwarf Bishopscap. Mitella nuda. Watercarpet. Chrysosplenium americanum. Currant group; shrubs with 5-parted flowers and sour berries. American Black Currant. Ribes americanum or Ribes floridum. Gooseberries and Currants. 4 or 5 species. Witch-hazel group; shrubs with 4-petalled autumnal flowers. Common Witch-hazel. Hamamelis virginiana. Spiraea group; shrubs with small 5-parted flowers having numerous stamens and 5 separate pistils. Meadow Spirea. Spiraea latifolia. Hardhack. Spiraea tomentosa. Pear group; shrubs or trees with 5-parted flowers, the pistils united into a pear-shaped fleshy fruit. Black Chokeberry. Aronia melanocarpa or Pyrus melanocarpa. Purple Chokeberry. Aronia stropurpurea or Pyrus atropurpurea. American Mountain-ash. Sorbus americana or Pyrus americana. Coarse-leaf Mountain-ash. Sorbus dumosa or Pyrus sitchensis. Downy Shadblow or Sugar-pear. Amelanchier canadensis; also A. laevis. Thicket Shadblow. Amelanchier oblongifolia. Hawthorns. Crataegus, about 5 species, separable only by specialists. Strawberry group; herbs or small shrubs with 5-petalled flowers having numerous stamens and separate pistils. Wild Strawberry. Fragaria virginiana. European Cinquefoil. Potentilla monspeliensis norvegica. Woolly Cinquefoil. Potentilla pennsylvanica. Silver Cinquefoil. Potentilla argentea. Purple Cinquefoil. Potentilla palustris or Comarum palustre. Shrubby Cinquefoil. Potentilla fruticosa or Dasiphora fruticosa. Wineleaf Cinquefoil. Potentilla tridentata or Sibbaldiopsis trid. Silver-and-gold-weed. Potentilla anserina or Argentina anserina. Common Cinquefoil. Potentilla canadensis. White Avens. Geum canadense. Yellow Avens. Geum strictum. Purple Avens. Geum rivale. Blackberry group; herbs or shrubs with about 5-parted flowers having numerous stamens and several pistils aggre- gated into a more or less fleshy compound-berry. Red Raspberry. Rubus strigosus or R. idaeus aculeatissimus. Flowering Raspberry or Thimbleberry. Rubus odoratus. Dwarf Raspberry. Rubus pubescens or Rubus triflorus. Baked-apple Berry. Rubus chamaemorus. Blackberries. Rubus, about 5 species, separable by specialists. Star-violet. Dalibarda repens. 9. Agrimony group; herbs with 5-petalled flowers having a bell- shaped calyx margined with hooked prickles. Hairy Agrimony. Agrimonia gryposepala. Rose group; shrubs with showy 5-petalled flowers having numerous stamens and pistils borne within an urn- shaped calyx-tube or hypanthium. Wild Roses. Rosa, about 8 species, separable by the specialist. Cherry group; trees with 5-petalled flowers having a single pistil which produces a fleshy drupe. Pin Cherry or Fire Cherry. Prunus pennsylvanica. Common Chokecherry. Prunus virginiana. Pea group; herbs or shrubs with irregular 5-petalled flowers having 10 more or less united stamens and long 1-celled pods. Clovers. Trifolium, about 5 species, introduced. Sweetclovers. Melilotus, about 2 species, = Locusts. Robina, about 2 species, " Tick-trefoils or Tickclovers. Desmodium, 1 or 2 species. Cow Vetch. Vicia cracca. Beach Pea. Lathyrus maritimus. Swamp Pea. Lathyrus palustris. Hog-peanut. Falcata comosa or Amphicarpa monoica. Oxalis group; herbs with regular 5-petalled flowers having 5 or 10 stamens and 5-celled ovaries. Flax. Linum usitatissimum. Woodsorrel. Oxalis montana or Oxalis acetosella. Field-sorrel. Oxalis stricta and perhaps other species. Herb Robert. Geranium robertianum. Cranesbill. Geranium carolinianum. Candyroot group; herbs with very irregular flowers having 5 or 6 stamens and 2 or 5-celled pods. Jewelweed. Impatiens biflora (Snapweed, Touch~me=not) Gay-wings. Polygala paucifolia. Pink Candyroot. Polygala sanguinea. White Candyroot. Polygala verticillata. Spurge group; herbs with small naked flowers more or less aggregated and surrounded by bracts. Cypress Spurge. Euphorbia cyparissias or Tithymalus cyparissias. Water-starwort. Callitriche palustris. Sumac group; shrubs or trees with small 5 or 6-petalled or apetalous flowers, with few stamens and 1 or 2-celled pistils. Poison-ivy. Rhus toxicodendron radicans. Staghorn Sumac. Rhus typhina. Winterberry. Ilex verticillata. Woodland Winterberry. Ilex verticillata tenuifolia. Mountain-holly. Nemopanthus mucronata or Ilicioides mucronata. Striped Maple. Acer pennsylvanicum. Mountain Maple. Acer spicatum. Sugar Maple. Acer saccharum. Red Maple. Acer rubrum. Virginia Creeper. Ampelopsis quinquefolia or Psedera quinquef. 10. Mallow group; herbs with 5-petalled flowers having numerous stamens united into a tube and pistils united into a ring. Cheese Mallow. Malva rotundifolia. Hollyhock Mallow. Malva alcea. St. Johnswort group; herbs or shrubs with 3-5-petalled regular flowers having numerous stamens and a single usually 1-celled pistil. St. Johnsworts. Hypericum, about 5 species. Orange-grass. Hypericum gentianoides or Sarothra gentianoides. Pink St. Johnswort. Hypericum virginicum or Triadenum virg. Waterwort. Elatine americana. Gold-heather. Hudsonia ericoides. Pinweeds. Lechea, 1 or 2 species. Violet group; herbs with irregular 5-petalled flowers having 5 more or less united stamens and a 1-celled pod. Stemless Blue Violet. Viola cucullata. Roundleaf White Violets. Viola pallens and 2 or 3 other species. Longleaf White Violet. Viola lanceolata. Stemmed Blue Violets. Viola labradorica and 2 or 3 other species. (Species mostly distinguishable only by the specialist). Evening-primrose group; herbs or shrubs with usually 4 or 5 petalled flowers, about 10 stamens, having the calyx-tube closely surrounding the 1-4-celled pod. Whorled Loosestrife. Decodon verticillatus. Purple Loosestrife. Lythrum salicaria, escaped from cultivation. Meadow-beauty. Rhexia virginica. Water-purslane. Ludvigia palustris. Fireweed or Blooming Sally. Epilobium angustifolium or Chamaenerion. Willow-herbs. Epilobium, 2 or 3 species, separable by the specialist. Evening-primrose. Oenothera biennis. Sundrops. Oenothera perennis or Kneiffia pumila. Enchanter's-nightshade. Circaea alpina. Water-milfoil. Myriophyllum verticillatum pectinatum. Mermaid-weed. Proserpinaca palustris. Mare-tail. Hippuris vulgaris. Sarsaparilla group; herbs or shrubs with small 4 or 5-petalled flowers in umbels having 4 or 5 stamens but fewer-celled pistils. Spikenard. Aralia racemosa. Bristly Sarsaparilla, Aralia hispida. Sarsaparilla, Aralia nudicaulis. Sanicle. Sanicula marilandica. Water=pennywort. Hydrocotyle americana. Water-hemlock. Cicuta maculata and C. bulbifera. Caraway. Carum carvi. Lovage. Ligusticum scothicum. Hemlock=parsely. Conioselinum chinense. Bunchberry. Cornus canadensis or Chamaepericlymenum canadense. Roundleaf Cornel. Cornus rugosa or C. circinata. Blueberry Cornel. Cornus alternifolia. 11. United-petal Division: Gamopetalae; petals more or less united. Heath Subdivision; shrubs with regular or slightly irregular 4 or 5-lobed flowers, having 8 or 10 stamens and several-celled ovaries. Crowberry group; low evergreen shrubs with apetalous flowers. Crowberry. Empetrum nigrum. False Crowberry. Corema corradit (Broom Crowberry). Clethra group tall deciduous shrubs with 5-petalled flowers, and a 3-valved capsule enclosed in the calyx. Summersweet. Clethra alnifolia. Pyrola group; low evergreens, with 5-petalled flowers having 10 stamens and 5-celled ovaries. Pipsissewa. Chimaphila umbellata cisatlantica. One-flower Pyrola. Moneses uniflora. Sidebells Pyrola. Pyrola secunda. Dwarf Sidebells Pyrola. Pyrola secunda obtusata. Green Pyrola. Pyrola chlorantha. Shinleaf Pyrola. Pyrola elliptica. Roundleaf Pyrola. Pyrola rotundifolia americana. Indian pipe group; leafless saprophytic herbs without green coloring matter, the flowers regular, having 4 or 5 separate petals. Indianpipe. Monotropa uniflora. Pinesap. Monotropa hypopitys americana. Rhododendron group; shrubs with more or less united-petalled flowers, having 5 to 10 stamens and 5 celled capsules with numerous seeds which emerge at side Labrador-tea. Ledum groenlandicum. Rhodora. Rhodora canadensis or Rhododendron canadense. Lambkill. Kalmia angustifolia. Bog-laurel or Bog Kalmia. Kalmia polifolia. Leatherleaf group; evergreen shrubs with more or less bell- shaped flowers, having 10 stamens and 5-celled capsules, in part berry-like. Bog-rosemary. Andromeda glaucophylla. Leatherleaf. Chamaedaphne calyculata. Trailing-arbutus. Epigaea repens. Wintergreen or Teaberry. Gaultheria procumbens. Bearberry. Arctostaphylos uva-ursi coactilis. Blueberry group; shrubs with bell-shaped flowers having 4 or 5 lobes and the calyx coherent to the ovary, developing into a juicy berry. Creeping Snowberry. Chiogenes hispidula. Dwarf Huckleberry. Gaylussacia dumosa. Black Huckleberry. Gaylussacia baccata. Lowbush Blueberry. Vaccinium pennsylvanicum or V. angustifolium. Downy Blueberry. Vaccinium canadense. Highbush Blueberry. Vaccinium corymbosum. Toothed-leaf Highbush Blueberry. Vaccinium corybosum amoenus. Rock Cranberry. Vaccinium vitisidaea minor. Small Cranberry. Vaccinium oxycoccus or Oxycoccus palustris. Cranberry. Vaccinium macrocarpon or Oxycoccus macrocarpus. 12. Funnel-flower Subdivision; plants having more or less funnel- shaped flowers, the petals united part way up into a tube; flowers separate or two united. Primrose group; herbs with the corollas 5-7 parted, a stamen opposite each lobe, and a 1-celled ovary. Sea-lavender. Limonium carolinianum. Whorled Yellow Loosestrife. Lysimachia quadrifolia. Swampcandles. Lysimachia terrestris. Tufted Yellow Loosestrife. Lysimachia thyrsiflora (or Naumburgia). Starflower. Trientalis borealis or T. americana. Seaside Primrose. Glaux maritima and G. maritima obtusifolia. Gentian group; plants with the corollas 4 or 5-parted, stamens as many or half as many as the lobes, and pistils 1-2-celled. Ash. Fraxinus americana; also F. nigra. Screwstem. Bartonia virginica. Bogbean. Menyanthes trifoliata. Floatingheart. Nymphoides lacunosum or Limnanthemum lac. Rosebell Dogbane. Apocynum androsaemifolium. Morning-glory group; twining herbs with funnel-to bell-shaped 5-parted flowers having 5 stamens and a 2 or 4-celled ovary, with few large seeds. Bindweed. Convolvulus sepium. Dodder. Cuscuta gronovii and perhaps other species. Borage group; herbs with 5-lobed funnel-shaped corollas bearing 5 stamens on the tube and the ovary deeply 4-parted, developing into 4 nutlets. Seaside Bluebells. Mertensia maritima or Pneumaria maritima. Mint group; herbs with 4-lobed irregular flowers bearing 4 stamens in 2 pairs, and deeply 4-lobed ovary. Woodsage. Teucrium canadense littorale. Summer Skullcap. Scutellaria lateriflora. Marsh Skullcap. Scutellaria epilobiifolia or S. "galericulata". American Pennyroyal. Hedeoma pulegioides. Thyme. Thymus serpyllum. Water Horehound. Lycopus virginicus and L. americanus. Wild Mint. Mentha arvensis and M. arvensis canadensis. Nightshade group; herbs with 5-parted flowers having 5 more or less adherent stamens and a 2-celled many seed capsule. Black Nightshade. Solanum nigrum. Nightshade Bittersweet. Solanum dulcamara. Snapdragon group; herbs with 4 or 5-parted irregular corolla, usually 4 stamens and a 2-celled many-seeded pod. Toadflax. Linaria canadensis. Turtlehead. Chelone glabra. Water Pimpernel. Ilysanthes dubia. Speedwells. Veronica, 6 or 8 species. Cow-wheat. Melampyrum lineare. Eyebrights. Euphrasia canadensis and other species, as E. randii. Woodbetony. Pedicularis canadensis. Yellow-rattle. Rhinanthus cristagalli. 13. Bladderwort group; aquatic herbs with 2-lipped flowers, having 2 stamens a 1-celled ovary; insectivorous. Star-bladderwort. Utricularia inflata. Yellow Bladderworts. Utricularia vulgaris americana and others. Purple Bladderworts. Utricularia purpurea, also U. resupinata. Broomrape group; parasitis herbs, without green coloring=matter, having 2-lipped flowers, 4 stamens and a 1-celled ovary. Beechdrops. Epifagus virginiana. Cancer-root. Thalesia uniflora or Orobanche uniflora. Plantain group; stemless herbs with spikes of flowers with membranaceous 4-parted corollas bearing 4 stamens and a two-celled ovary, opening transversely. Seaside Plantain. Plantago juncoides decipiens. Saltmarsh Plantain. Plantago oliganthos. Broadleaf Saltmarsh Plantain. Plantago oliganthos fallax. Wayside Plantains, several species of weeds. Bedstraw group; herbs with 4 or 5-parted corolla, a like number of stamens, and a 2-celled ovary adherent to the calyx. Goosegrass. Galium aparine. Yellow Bedstraw. Galium verum. White Bedstraw. Galium mollugo. Dull-flowered Bedstraws. Galium, 3 or 4 other species. Partridgeberry, Mitchella repens. (Two-eye Berry) Bluets. Houstonia coerulea. Honeysuckle group; shrubs or creeping evergreen herbs with 5-lobed corolla, 4 or 5 stamens, and a 2-5-celled ovary with a few large seeds; flowers sometimes paired. Bush Honeysuckle. Diervilla trifida or D. lonicera. Sweetberry Honeysuckle. Lonicera villosa. Hairy Sweetberry Honeysuckle. Lonicera villosa solonis. Fly-honeysuckle. Lonicera canadensis. Twinflower. Linnaea borealis americana. Hobblebush. Viburnum alnifolium or V. "lantanoides". Mapleleaf Viburnum. Viburnum acerifolium. Arrow-wood. Viburnum dentatum. Withe-rod. Viburnum cassinoides. Elder. Sambucus canadensis. Scarlet Elder. Sambucus racemosa or S. pubens. Hairbell group; herbs with milky juice, the corolla 5-lobed, bell-shaped or tubular, regular or irregular, having 5 stamens free from the corolla, the ovary inferior. Hairbell. Campanula rotundifolia. Cardinalflower. Lobelia cardinalis. Wand Lobelia. Lobelia spicata. Indian-tobacco. Lobelia inflata. Water Lobelia. Lobelia dortmanna. 14. Composite Subdivision; herbs with individual flowers very small, tubular, aggregated into close-packed heads, often some or all with projecting rays, the whole head simulating a single polypetalous flower. Boneset. group; ray-flowers absent; heads purplish or whitish. Foe-pye-weed. Eupatorium purpureum. Boneset. Eupatorium perforatum. Goldenrod group; a few of the marginal flowers with short rays, bright yellow or cream-color; achenes bearing numerous capillary bristles. Wood Goldenrods. Solidago latifolia, and 1 or 2 other species. Silver-rod. Solidago bicolor. Rock Goldenrods. Solidago ransii, and 1 or 2 other species. Seaside Goldenrod. Solidago sempervirens. Bog Goldenrods. Solidago neglecta and 1 or 2 other species. Field Goldenrods. Solidago juncea, S. canadensis, and others. Flat-top Goldenrod. Solidago graminifolia. Aster group; a few of the marginal flowers with moderately long white, blue, or purple rays; achenes bearing numerous capillary bristles. Bigleaf Aster. Aster macrophyllus. (Deer-tongue). Swamp Asters. Aster radula, and 2 or 3 other species. Wayside Asters. Aster lateriflorus, and several others. Northern Wood-aster. Aster acuminatus. Everlasting group; ray-flowers absent; heads whitish; bracts dry, whitish and plants more or less woolly. Pussy-toes. Antennaria, 2 or 3 species, separable by specialists. Pearl Everlasting. Anaphalis margaritacea. Wayside Everlastings. Gnaphalium, 3 or 4 species. Ragweed group; ray-flowers absent; flowers greenish, minute, few to a head, but the heads numerous, nodding. Ragweed. Ambrosia artemisiifolia. Daisy group; ray-flowers usually present, the rays fairly long, white or yellow; achenes bearing little if any pappus. Black-eyed Susan. Rudbeckia hirta. Tickseeds. Bidens, 2 or 3 species. Yarrow. Achillea millefolium. Oxeye Daisy. Chrysanthemum leucanthemum. Coltsfoot group; ray-flowers usually present, small or medium sized, white or.yellow; involucre scanty; receptacle naked, but achenes bearing capillary pappus. Sweet Coltsfoot. Petasites palmatus. Fireweed Coltsfoot. Erechtites hieracifolia. Ragwort. Senecio robbinsi, and perhaps 1 or 2 other species. Thistle group; ray-flowers absent; heads purple; involucre ample; pappus bristly. Thistles. Cirsium, 2 or 3 species. Chicory group; all the flowers bearing rays; juice milky. Wild lettuce. Lactuca, 3 or 4 species. Tassel-flowers. Prenanthes (or Nabalus), 2 or 3 species. Paintbrush. Hieracium aurantiacum. (The worst weed in the region) Hawkweeds. Hieracium, 3 or 4 other species. THE